Niveles de actividad física y sedentarismo de los adolescentes en recreos naturales vs. tradicionales: un estudio piloto (Adolescents’ physical activity and sedentary levels in natural vs. traditional playgrounds: a pilot study)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12800/ccd.v15i46.1598Palabras clave:
patios escolares, observación sistemática, estilos de vida saludables, juego (school playgrounds, systematic observation, healthy lifestyles, play)Resumen
El objetivo de este trabajo fue comparar los niveles de actividad física y de sedentarismo de alumnado de dos centros de Educación Secundaria, uno con recreo natural y otro con recreo tradicional, atendiendo a los momentos de recreo (a media mañana y a la hora de comer) y al sexo del alumnado. La muestra se compuso por el alumnado de cada uno de los centros que se encontraba en los recreos en el momento de la medición. Para determinar los niveles de actividad se utilizó el Sistema de Observación de Juego y de Actividad en el Tiempo Libre en Jóvenes (SOPLAY), con el que se realizaron 36 escaneos que dieron lugar a tres categorías de actividad: muy activo, paseante y sedentario. Para realizar las comparaciones intra- e inter-recreo se llevaron a cabo pruebas Chi-cuadrado de independencia. Los resultados revelaron que el alumnado era más activo y menos sedentario en un recreo natural que en uno tradicional. Además, los recreos naturales propiciaban los mismos niveles de actividad física independientemente del momento del recreo. Asimismo, los chicos eran más activos que las chicas en los dos recreos del centro con recreo tradicional y en el recreo del almuerzo correspondiente al recreo natural. A la vista de los resultados, se necesita mayor investigación para comprender si los recreos naturales pueden contribuir a aumentar los niveles de actividad física, especialmente en edades como la adolescencia, donde resulta más importante la construcción de identidades activas.
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The aim of this work was to compare students’ physical activity and sedentary levels between two high schools, one with a natural playground and the other with a traditional one, according to the recess periods (mid-morning and lunchtime) and the sex of students. The sample consisted of all the students attending their school playground at the time of the measurement. The System for Observing Play and Leisure Activity in Youth (SOPLAY) was used to determine students’ activity levels. A total of 36 scans were conducted and three categories of activity emerged: very active, walker and sedentary. To perform intra- and inter-recess comparisons, Chi-square independence tests were carried out. Results revealed that students were more active and less sedentary in a natural playground than in a traditional one. In addition, the natural playground encouraged the same levels of PA regardless of the recess period. Moreover, boys were more active than girls during both periods in the traditional playground and during lunchtime in the natural playground. In view of the results, further research is needed to understand whether natural playgrounds can contribute to increasing physical activity levels, especially in adolescence, when building active identities becomes more important.
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