Cultura, Ciencia y Deporte

The importance of nutrition and exercise in the management of chronic diseases: a critical analysis

Carmen Daniela Quero-Calero — 2023-09-11

Variations in spatiotemporal parameters in young and older women while walking at different speeds

Domenico Cherubini — 2023-09-11

The relationship between spatial-temporal parameters of walking have been widely described in literature
although this is still unclear, particularly when changes in walking speed occurred. This study aims to investigate
this relationship in healthy women of different ages, while walking at different speeds. Two groups of healthy
women (25 young and 22 elderly) walked at “comfortable” and “fast” speeds. Stride length and frequency, plus
walking speed data were recorded. Their relationship was assessed using bivariate regression analysis and Pearson’s
correlation. Both groups showed that increasing velocity, increased significantly stride length and frequency,
walking comfortably. Nevertheless, differences between groups were highlighted during fast walking. The elderly
maintains a similar walking pattern though reducing the correlation coefficient between the parameters. While
the younger shows significant correlation only between stride frequency and velocity. Concerning stride length
and frequency relationship, both groups exhibit different behaviors between the observed walking speeds. In
conclusion, these results suggest that younger and older women increase walking speed using a pattern only whilst
the effort is perceived as comfortable. Identifying this breaking point in the motor patterns used could help to
identify early possible frailties in older people as well as assess the residual state of their functional capacities.

Bio-banding in soccer: Benefits on performance, psychological development and its influence on talent identification

Wilson Arroyo Moya — 2023-09-11

The purpose of this study was to analyze the existing evidence on the use of Bio-banding (BB) and its possible benefits at the physical and technical-tactical level, psychological development, and talent identification (TI). A search was performed following the guidelines for rapid reviews and the PRISMA guide in Scopus and PudMed. The following keywords were entered: (‘Bio-banding’) AND (‘soccer’). We included n = 10 articles and identified the following variables for analysis: a) Technical-tactical and physical aspects with BB, b) Experiences and psychological aspects through BB, and c) BB in TI. The studies on BB reflect that, during the use of this strategy, great variability of technical-tactical and physical aspects was presented,
which favored all maturation groups. Likewise, it is evident that it is a tool that contributes to the psychological development of the players, where it is necessary to expand research on its functionality in the TI process.

Analysis of the smash in men´s and women´s junior padel

Alejandro Sánchez-Pay — 2023-09-11

The objective of this study was to analyze the types of smashes in men´s and women´s junior padel according to the direction of the ball and its effectiveness, making a comparison between the men´s and women´s gender. To do this, 1175 smashes corresponding to six finals (three men’s and three women’s) of three Spanish junior championships were analyzed, differentiating the smashes analyzed between off the wall smash, tray, topspin smash and flat smash. The results show that junior padel players usually perform trays and topspin shots with a crossed
trajectory, while flat smashes usually have a parallel trajectory. The flat smash is the type of smash with which players play the most winners (52%) and the tray with which they commit the most errors (39.2%). In addition, the tray is the type of smash that most encourages the continuity of the point (56.1%). Regarding the differences between genders, the results show that in women´s padel there is a greater use off the wall smash (13.8%) and flat smashes (36.5%), while in men´s padel there is a greater use of topspin smashes (22.6%). These results can serve as a reference for coaches and padel players when designing specific training sessions adapted to the demands of the competition, as well as for improving decision-making and establishing feedback.

Incidence of mindfulness practices, sporting trajectory and gender on mood states of future trainers

Verónica Muñoz-Arroyave — 2023-09-11

The aim of this research was to study the effect of mindfulness techniques (MT) on mood states (MS) in men and women who may become sports coaches in the future, taking into account the characteristics of their sport of origin, sports background and gender. The study design was quasi-experimental, involving 300 first-year students of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences at the University of
Girona, Spain. An initial training on MSwas carried out, participants completed 2 TAP sessions and filled in the POMS questionnaire at the beginning and end of each session. Data were analyzed using generalized estimating equations. The most relevant results were: a) athletes coming from psychomotor sports showed an optimal iceberg profile in their MS for performance; b) in general, participants with more advanced sporting backgrounds experienced a more satisfactory affective experience than those with less advanced backgrounds; c) men coming from oppositional and psychomotor sports expressed a more positive affective experience than women. From these results, it could be concluded that high competition environments need coaches
competent not only in their sport-specific subjects, but also in the development of affective competences in order to: a) understand the effect of the motor tasks performed in training on MS; b) select training tasks appropriately so that their athletes can perform at their best in competitive situations of maximum affective experience.

Anthropometric profile and physical fitness of soccer referees from La Guajira, Colombia

JESUS ALBERTO GONZALEZ ORTEGA — 2023-09-11

The role of soccer referee requires physical preparation and body composition that meet the physical demands of the sport. In this sense, as soccer is becoming increasingly demanding every day, referees must be able to meet these new challenges. This study describes the anthropometric profile and physical condition of Colombian soccer referees in order to design training plans based on scientific and
methodological criteria. For this, nine soccer referees aged 23.3 ± 5.04 years participated in a non-experimental study that was descriptive in nature and followed a quantitative approach. Body mass index, body fat percentage, muscle mass and physical condition were analyzed using physical tests proposed by FIFA (6x40 m, yo-yo, CODA, 5x30 acceleration and ARIET). Results are expressed as means, standard deviations, and minimum and maximum values. Findings show that a body mass index of 22.19 ± 2.58 corresponded to a normal score. Somatochart outcomes
reveal the group to be meso-endomorphs with a fat mass of 11.8 ± 1.8 and a muscle mass of 38.19 ± 3.06. Tests revealed referees to be, generally, in excellent physical condition, with the exception of the dynamic yo-yo test.

Analysis of the influence of situational and temporal variables on the performance of rowing teams in the ACT traineras League

Iván García — 2023-09-11

The influence of situational and temporal variables on performance in team sports has been extensively studied. However, this aspect has not yet been investigated within traditional fixed-bench rowing. The aim of this research was to analyse the influence of age, team situation, performance level, lane, and time of each length on the final outcome of the rowing regattas. A total of 205 boats from the 12 clubs that participated in the 18 regattas of the 2020 season of the Eusko Label
Liga (league organised by the Association of Traineras Clubs, ACT) were analysed. The results show that the high-level teams recorded lower times in all the lengths compared to the medium and low-level teams. The mean difference in final times per race was 4 seconds lower
for the home teams compared to the visiting teams. There is a high correlation between the times recorded on lengths 1 and 3 with respect to the final outcome of the regatta. An awareness of this aspect can help to create a race strategy to make a bigger difference during
the regatta.

Pre-Service Teacher education in pedagogical models: the Sport Education case in Spain

Yessica Segovia — 2023-09-11

The aim of this study was to determine the degree of application of Sport Education (SE) in the education of primary school physical education teachers in Spain. We designed a quantitative and descriptive study using the documentary and bibliometric analysis of the teaching guides of courses related to games teaching. Additionally, a questionnaire was added, which was completed by 31 members of the teaching staff on the courses. The results showed that: i) despite 66.67% of the teachers surveyed stating that SE was included as part of their syllabus in the faculties, only 10% of the curricula made reference to the model in the teaching guide; ii) a third of the teacher education faculties studied did not include SE as part of their syllabus, and, of those that did (66.67%), only three dedicated to it a load of equal to or more than two credits; iii) only 33% of the curricula evaluated included bibliographic references on the model; and iv) a large percentage of the teaching staff were not experts. The findings show that SE has not yet generally been implemented, and with quality, on games teaching courses.

Perception of quality of life of Chilean secondary education students in the post-confinement context by Covid-19

Franklin Castillo-Retamal — 2023-09-11

The purpose of this research was to know the perception of the quality of life of a group of high school students from the Maule-Chile Region in times of post-confinement after Covid-19. This qualitative study is located within the interpretive phenomenological paradigm. A focus group approach was applied to students from 1st to 4th grade of
high school in Talca, Chile, resulting in 40 subjects in total. The data is presented through a systematization matrix configured with from primary categories derived with from the theoretical framework, complemented with secondary categories that emerged from the data coding process as a product of applied content analysis. The results reflect the innumerable changes in the quality of life (QL) of the subjects, mainly provoked by the quarantine periods, and how the post-confinement has impacted the improvement of the various variables that make up the CV of secondary school students. In conclusion, it is necessary to promote the practice of physical and sports activity among in students, thus developing various skills that allow them to safely navigate the adversities that arise in the postconfinement stage.

Does the final ranking influence the physical performance of professional soccer teams?

David Lobo Triviño — 2023-09-11

The present study analyzed the physical performance of SmartBank League teams according to their position in the table. Thirty-four professional soccer teams that competed in the SmartBank League (Spanish Second Division) during the 2015-2016, 2016-1017 and 2017-2018 seasons were analyzed. The data required for the work was collected by MediaCoach® and OPTA. The results obtained show that the lowest ranked teams (group 4) cover greater total distance (DT) than the teams at the top of the standings (group 1). However, the top-ranked teams covered a greater number of meters at high-speed (D > 24 km/h) and Sprints over 24 km/h (S > 24 km/h). As for the DT as a function of the match outcome, we find that the teams that lose the match are the ones that travel a lower DT. After analyzing the results obtained in the present study, it was found that the distance covered at more than 24 km/h and the number of sprints performed at speeds above 24 km/h can be considered as factors that bring you closer to achieving good results.

Analysis of the evolution of the number of federation licenses in Spain (2009-2021)

Víctor Hernández-Beltrán — 2023-09-11

Sport is defined as all physical activities aimed at improving physical fitness, developing social skills or acquiring positive achievements in competitions at another level. The celebration of the 1992 Olympic Games in Barcelona led to an increase in the number of federations licenses in Spain. Therefore, the aim of this study is to analyse and understand the evolution of the number of federation licenses in Spain according to the sport discipline, the sex of the participants and the sport clubs between 2009 and 2021. After performing a descriptive analysis of the data obtained, football is the sport with the highest number of licenses, followed by hunting, golf, climbing and basketball. In addition, padel is one of the disciplines that has shown the greatest growth in recent years. As for the sex of the sports participants, there is a notable difference between the number of male (75%) and female (25%) licenses. Lastly, in terms of sports clubs, football is the discipline with the highest number of clubs, followed by hunting, cycling, climbing and basketball. To reduce this gap, awarenessraising work regarding gender equality between men and woman should be carried out, as well as increasing knowledge of the existence of minority sports and sports for people with disabilities.