Transición cultural y migración deportiva en el deporte de élite: una metasíntesis (Cultural Transition and Sport Migration in Elite Sport: a Meta-synthesis)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12800/ccd.v15i45.1516Keywords:
Transición cultural, deportistas migrantes, deportistas transnacionales, carrera deportiva, metasíntesis (Cultural transition, migrant athletes, transnational athletes, sport career, Meta-synthesis)Abstract
El objetivo de este estudio es identificar y sintetizar los factores facilitadores de la transición cultural en deportistas migrantes mediante una metasíntesis. Una metasíntesis es un análisis secundario de la evidencia cualitativa primaria realizada para revelar nuevos conocimientos sobre un fenómeno específico, en este caso la transición cultural. Se desarrolló una revisión sistemática y un análisis temático de los artículos identificados. La búsqueda sistemática se realizó en las bases de datos SCOPUS, Web of Science, PsycINFO, SPORTDiscus, Scielo y Redalyc. Se seleccionaron un total de 18 estudios escritos en inglés (n = 16) y portugués (n = 2). El análisis temático deductivo permitió identificar los factores facilitadores de esta transición clasificados en dos categorías: recursos externos y recursos internos. Los recursos externos refieren al (a) contexto sociocultural inclusivo y (b) las redes de apoyo social. De manera complementaria, los recursos internos hacen referencia a (c) la identidad de migrante, (d) el idioma, y (e) las competencias para la gestión de la carrera deportiva en el extranjero. Estos resultados resaltan el carácter recíproco de esta transición caracterizado por la mutua influencia entre el contexto sociocultural y el deportista migrante. Puesto que la mayoría de las investigaciones fueron desarrolladas desde países receptores (n = 16) y con participantes hombres (n = 16), futuras investigaciones con mujeres deportistas migrantes y la exploración de la perspectiva de los países emisores son requeridas. Se proponen recomendaciones prácticas para generar estrategias de acompañamiento basadas en la praxis cultural de la Psicología Cultural aplicada al Deporte.
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The aim of the present study is to identify and synthesize the facilitators of the cultural transition of migrant athletes using a meta-synthesis. A meta-synthesis is a secondary
analysis of primary qualitative research to reveal new knowledge concerning a specific phenomenon, the cultural transition in this case. A systematic research was performed in the databases SCOPUS, Web of Science, PsycINFO, SPORTDiscus, Scielo and Redalyc. The review included a total of 18 studies written in English (n =16) or Portuguese (n = 2). Five themes, that involve the facilitating factors was identified from the deductive thematic analysis synthetized in two categories: external and internal resources. External resources comprise (a) inclusive sociocultural context and (b) social support networks. Moreover, the internal resources include (c) migrant identity, (d) language, and (e) sport career abroad competencies. These results highlight the reciprocal nature of this transition characterized by the mutual influence between the sociocultural context and the immigrant athlete. Considering that most of these studies were conducted in the receiving countries (n =16) and with samples of male participants (n = 16), future research conducted with female migrant athletes and from the perspective of the sending countries are required. Finally, practical recommendations to generate support strategies based on the cultural praxis of Cultural Sports Psychology are suggested.
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