Prácticas Yóguicas con Yoga Nidra Versus Prácticas Yóguicas Solas Para la Salud Ocular en Estudiantes Universitarios Adictos al Smartphone: Un Ensayo Controlado Aleatorizado Simple Ciego

Autores/as

  • Praveen Kumar M Faculty of Yoga Science and Therapy, Meenakshi Academy of Higher Education and Research, Chennai-78, India
  • C. M. Balasubramaniam Faculty of Yoga Science and Therapy, Meenakshi Academy of Higher Education and Research, Chennai-78, India
  • Shailendra singh Lakshmibai National Institute of Physical Education, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh https://orcid.org/0009-0003-1399-2387
  • Pawan Deep GNA University, Sri Hargobindgarh, Phagwara-Hoshiarpur Road, Phagwara, Punjab 144401, India https://orcid.org/0009-0009-7146-6776
  • Sunil Kumar Parul University, Vadodara, Gujarat, India https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9395-0002
  • Surendra Singh Agraiya Mandsaur university, Mandsaur, India
  • Kushagra Bairagi Mandsaur University, Mandsaur, Madhya Pradesh, India
  • Bindiya Rawat Department of Liberal Arts and Social Sciences, Manipal University Jaipur, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India https://orcid.org/0009-0000-2452-8764
  • Josyula Tejaswi Department of Physical Education Pedagogy, Lakshmibai National Institute of Physical Education, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India.
  • Farjana Akter Boby Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, Faculty of Health and Life Science, Daffodil International University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3019-5545
  • Karuppasamy Govindasamy Department of Sports, Recreation and Wellness, Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Hyderabad Campus, Modallaguda, Nandigama-509217, Rangareddy Dist, Hyderabad, Telangana, India

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.12800/ccd.v21i68.2625

Palabras clave:

Yoga, Relaxations, Phone Ad-diction, Students

Resumen

La adicción al teléfono inteligente entre estudiantes universitarios está asociada con fatiga visual digital y angustia psicológica; sin embargo, las intervenciones basadas en evidencia siguen siendo limitadas. Nuestro objetivo fue evaluar si las prácticas yóguicas combinadas con yoga nidra ofrecen beneficios superiores en comparación con las prácticas yóguicas solas para mejorar la salud ocular en estudiantes universitarios adictos al teléfono inteligente. Llevamos a cabo un ensayo controlado aleatorizado, simple ciego, entre junio y octubre de 2024. Se seleccionaron estudiantes universitarios de entre 18 y 25 años con adicción al teléfono inteligente (puntuación ≥31 para hombres, ≥33 para mujeres en la versión corta de la Escala de Adicción al Smartphone), quienes fueron asignados aleatoriamente (1:1) a recibir prácticas yóguicas más yoga nidra (PY+YN; 90 minutos por sesión) o solo prácticas yóguicas (PY; 60 minutos por sesión), tres veces por semana durante 16 semanas. El resultado principal fue la agudeza visual medida con la cartilla de Snellen. Los resultados secundarios incluyeron el punto cercano de convergencia, la facilidad de acomodación, el tiempo de ruptura de la película lagrimal, la presión intraocular, los síntomas de fatiga visual digital y las puntuaciones del síndrome de visión por computadora. Los evaluadores de los resultados estaban enmascarados respecto a la asignación de grupos. De los 156 estudiantes evaluados para determinar su elegibili-dad, 120 fueron asignados aleatoriamente a PY+YN (n=60) o PY (n=60). La tasa de retención general fue del 86.7 % (104 de 120 participantes). Ambos grupos mostraron mejoras significativas en la agudeza visual, pero el grupo PY+YN demostró una mayor mejora (diferencia media 0.10 [IC del 95%: 0.07-0.13] frente a 0.05 [0.03-0.07]; diferencia entre grupos p= .031). Todos los resultados fisiológicos secundarios favorecieron al grupo PY+YN, incluyendo el punto cercano de convergencia (diferencia entre grupos p= .007), la facilidad de acomodación (p= .012), el tiempo de ruptura de la película lagrimal (p= .023), la presión intraocular (p= .036), la puntuación de fatiga visual digital (p< .001) y la puntuación del síndrome de visión por computadora (p= .003). No se produjeron eventos adversos graves. Las prácticas yóguicas combinadas con yoga nidra ofrecen beneficios superiores en comparación con las prácticas yóguicas solas para mejorar la salud ocular en estudiantes universitarios adictos al teléfono inteligente. Estos hallazgos respaldan la integración de intervenciones yóguicas integrales en los programas de atención preventiva de la salud dirigidos a problemas de salud relacionados con la tecnología.

Biografía del autor/a

Praveen Kumar M, Faculty of Yoga Science and Therapy, Meenakshi Academy of Higher Education and Research, Chennai-78, India

Faculty of Yoga Science and Therapy, Meenakshi Academy of Higher Education and Research, Chennai-78, India

C. M. Balasubramaniam, Faculty of Yoga Science and Therapy, Meenakshi Academy of Higher Education and Research, Chennai-78, India

Faculty of Yoga Science and Therapy, Meenakshi Academy of Higher Education and Research, Chennai-78, India

Shailendra singh, Lakshmibai National Institute of Physical Education, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh

Lakshmibai National Institute of Physical Education, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh

Pawan Deep, GNA University, Sri Hargobindgarh, Phagwara-Hoshiarpur Road, Phagwara, Punjab 144401, India

GNA University, Sri Hargobindgarh, Phagwara-Hoshiarpur Road, Phagwara, Punjab 144401, India

Sunil Kumar, Parul University, Vadodara, Gujarat, India

Parul University, Vadodara, Gujarat, India

Surendra Singh Agraiya, Mandsaur university, Mandsaur, India

Mandsaur university, Mandsaur, India

Kushagra Bairagi, Mandsaur University, Mandsaur, Madhya Pradesh, India

Mandsaur University, Mandsaur, Madhya Pradesh, India

Bindiya Rawat, Department of Liberal Arts and Social Sciences, Manipal University Jaipur, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India

Department of Liberal Arts and Social Sciences, Manipal University Jaipur, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India

Josyula Tejaswi, Department of Physical Education Pedagogy, Lakshmibai National Institute of Physical Education, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India.

Department of Physical Education Pedagogy, Lakshmibai National Institute of Physical Education, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India.

Farjana Akter Boby, Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, Faculty of Health and Life Science, Daffodil International University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh

Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, Faculty of Health and Life Science, Daffodil International University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh

Karuppasamy Govindasamy, Department of Sports, Recreation and Wellness, Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Hyderabad Campus, Modallaguda, Nandigama-509217, Rangareddy Dist, Hyderabad, Telangana, India

Department of Sports, Recreation and Wellness, Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Hyderabad Campus, Modallaguda, Nandigama-509217, Rangareddy Dist, Hyderabad, Telangana, India

Citas

A, V., M, P., K, M., & T, V. (2018). Effect of yoga nidra on resting cardiovascular parameters in polycystic ovarian syndrome women. National Journal of Physiology, Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 8(9), 1505. https://doi.org/10.5455/njppp.2018.8.0411112082018

Abirami, M., Venugopal, V., Sangavi, S. A., Lakshmi, K. S., Baskaran, K., & Maheshkumar, K. (2024). Immediate effect of Bhastrika Pranayama on cerebral hemodynamics in patient with depression: A case report. Brain Behavior and Immunity Integrative, 6, 100056. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbii.2024.100056

Adler, P., Scally, A. J., & Barrett, B. T. (2018). Test-retest reproducibility of accommodative facility measures in primary school children. Clinical & Experimental Optometry, 101(6), 764–770. https://doi.org/10.1111/cxo.12691

Antemie, R.-G., Samoilă, O. C., & Clichici, S. V. (2023). Blue Light-Ocular and Systemic Damaging Effects: A Narrative Review. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 24(6), 5998. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24065998

Archana, R., Maheshkumar, K., & Selvi, G. T. (2024). Impact of Yoga and Meditation on Immune System – A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. South Eastern European Journal of Public Health, 2454–2463. https://doi.org/10.70135/seejph.vi.2431

Barata, M. J., Aguiar, P., Grzybowski, A., Lança, C., & Moreira-Rosário, A. (2025). Validation of Binocular Vision and Ocular Surface Assessment Tools in Digital Eye Strain Syndrome: The DESIROUS Study. Journal of Personalized Medicine, 15(5), 168. https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm15050168

Boopalan, D., Prabu Kumar, A., Vanamoorthy, M. K., Vijayakumar, V., Ravi, P., Kasi, M., & Kuppusamy, M. (2025). Yoga therapy for eye health and disease: A scoping review. European Journal of Integrative Medicine, 73, 102427. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eujim.2024.102427

Bradford, C. A., & Melson, A. T. (2021). Ocular Complaints, Disease, and Emergencies in the General Medical Setting. The Medical Clinics of North America, 105(3), 409–423. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mcna.2021.02.002

Deshmukh, V. D. (2023). The Electroencephalographic Brainwave Spectrum, Mindful Meditation, and Awareness: Hypothesis. International Journal of Yoga, 16(1), 42–48. https://doi.org/10.4103/ijoy.ijoy_34_23

Gonmei, L., Swathi Kv, Archana P, & Vanitha S Shetty. (2025). Effect of Yoga Nidra on Women’s Health: A Narrative Review. Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences, 10(2), 273–279. https://doi.org/10.21760/jaims.10.2.38

Gupta, S. K., & Aparna, S. (2020). Effect of Yoga Ocular Exercises on Eye Fatigue. International Journal of Yoga, 13(1), 76–79. https://doi.org/10.4103/ijoy.IJOY_26_19

Kaur, K., Gurnani, B., Nayak, S., Deori, N., Kaur, S., Jethani, J., Singh, D., Agarkar, S., Hussaindeen, J. R., Sukhija, J., & Mishra, D. (2022). Digital Eye Strain- A Comprehensive Review. Ophthalmology and Therapy, 11(5), 1655–1680. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40123-022-00540-9

Kim, J. H., & Caprioli, J. (2018). Intraocular Pressure Fluctuation: Is It Important? Journal of Ophthalmic & Vision Research, 13(2), 170–174. https://doi.org/10.4103/jovr.jovr_35_18

Kniestedt, C., & Stamper, R. L. (2003). Visual acuity and its measurement. Ophthalmology Clinics of North America, 16(2), 155–170, v. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0896-1549(03)00013-0

K.S., D., K., M., Silambanan, S., Kantipudi, S. J., Sathianathan, R., & R., P. (2023). Development and Validation of Yoga Protocol for Patients with Depression. Annals of Neurosciences, 30(2), 96–99. https://doi.org/10.1177/09727531221127766

Maples, W. C., & Hoenes, R. (2007). Near point of convergence norms measured in elementary school children. Optometry and Vision Science: Official Publication of the American Academy of Optometry, 84(3), 224–228. https://doi.org/10.1097/OPX.0b013e3180339f44

Mataftsi, A., Seliniotaki, A. K., Moutzouri, S., Prousali, E., Darusman, K. R., Adio, A. O., Haidich, A.-B., & Nischal, K. K. (2023). Digital eye strain in young screen users: A systematic review. Preventive Medicine, 170, 107493. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2023.107493

Moszeik, E. N., Von Oertzen, T., & Renner, K.-H. (2022). Effectiveness of a short Yoga Nidra meditation on stress, sleep, and well-being in a large and diverse sample. Current Psychology, 41(8), 5272–5286. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-020-01042-2

Nawaz, S. (2023). Rethinking classifications and metrics for problematic smartphone use and dependence: Addressing the call for reassessment. Computers in Human Behavior Reports, 12, 100327. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chbr.2023.100327

Nichols, J. J., Nichols, K. K., Puent, B., Saracino, M., & Mitchell, G. L. (2002). Evaluation of tear film interference patterns and measures of tear break-up time. Optometry and Vision Science: Official Publication of the American Academy of Optometry, 79(6), 363–369. https://doi.org/10.1097/00006324-200206000-00009

Olson, J. A., Sandra, D. A., Colucci, É. S., Bikaii, A. A., Nahas, J., Chmoulevitch, D., Raz, A., & Veissière, S. P. L. (2020). Smartphone addiction is increasing across the world: A meta-analysis of 24 countries. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/fsn6v

Olson, J. A., Sandra, D. A., Veissière, S. P. L., & Langer, E. J. (2025). Sex, Age, and Smartphone Addiction Across 41 Countries. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 23(2), 937–945. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-023-01146-3

Ou-Yang, Q., Liu, Q., Song, P.-Y., Wang, J.-W., & Yang, S. (2023). The association between academic achievement, psychological distress, and smartphone addiction: A cross-sectional study among medical students. Psychology, Health & Medicine, 28(5), 1201–1214. https://doi.org/10.1080/13548506.2022.2148697

Pal, S., Sharma, S. K., Singhal, A., & Telles, S. (2022). Smartphone Excessive Use, Sleep, and Beliefs about Well-being in University Students who Practice Yoga Compared with Those with No Experience of Yoga. Indian Journal of Community Medicine: Official Publication of Indian Association of Preventive & Social Medicine, 47(2), 292–295. https://doi.org/10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_601_21

Pera, A. (2020). The Psychology of Addictive Smartphone Behavior in Young Adults: Problematic Use, Social Anxiety, and Depressive Stress. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2020.573473

Prashanth, S., Nalini, V., Maheshkumar, K., Thanalakshmi, J., & Priyanka, S. (2024). Effects of yoga on sleep quality among the geriatric population: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Brain Behavior and Immunity Integrative, 6, 100058. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbii.2024.100058

Putchavayala, C. K., Singh, D., & Sashidharan, R. K. (2022). A perspective of yoga on smartphone addiction: A narrative review. Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care, 11(6), 2284–2291. https://doi.org/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1765_21

R, P., Kumar, A. P., Dhamodhini K S, null, Venugopal, V., Silambanan, S., K, M., & Shah, P. (2023). Role of yoga in stress management and implications in major depression disorder. Journal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine, 14(5), 100767. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaim.2023.100767

Ragavee, S., Prashanth, S., Priyanka, S., & Maheshkumar, K. (2024). Immediate effect of Yoga Nidra (a yogic relaxation) on cardio-autonomic function in hypertensive patients: A case report. Journal of Indian System of Medicine, 12(4), 188–191. https://doi.org/10.4103/jism.jism_44_24

Ravi, P., Boopalan, D., Manickam, A., Vijayakumar, V., & Kuppusamy, M. (2024). Yoga Nidra as an Adjunctive Therapy in Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension: A Case Study. Integrative and Complementary Therapies, 30(4), 166–169. https://doi.org/10.1089/ict.2024.72904.mk

S., P., V., N., S., P., J., T., V., S., A., A., & K., M. (2024). Effect of mind sound resonance technique on physiological and psychological parameters among geriatric population: A structured study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. International Journal of Clinical Trials, 11(3), 224–230. https://doi.org/10.18203/2349-3259.ijct20242005

Seguí, M. del M., Cabrero-García, J., Crespo, A., Verdú, J., & Ronda, E. (2015). A reliable and valid questionnaire was developed to measure computer vision syndrome at the workplace. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 68(6), 662–673. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclinepi.2015.01.015

Sheppard, A. L., & Wolffsohn, J. S. (2018). Digital eye strain: Prevalence, measurement and amelioration. BMJ Open Ophthalmology, 3(1), e000146. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjophth-2018-000146

Publicado

2026-06-30

Cómo citar

Praveen Kumar M, C. M. Balasubramaniam, Shailendra singh, Pawan Deep, Sunil Kumar, Surendra Singh Agraiya, … Karuppasamy Govindasamy. (2026). Prácticas Yóguicas con Yoga Nidra Versus Prácticas Yóguicas Solas Para la Salud Ocular en Estudiantes Universitarios Adictos al Smartphone: Un Ensayo Controlado Aleatorizado Simple Ciego. Cultura, Ciencia Y Deporte, 21(68). https://doi.org/10.12800/ccd.v21i68.2625

Número

Sección

Avances en la optimización del entrenamiento: Rendimiento, salud y prevención de lesiones en el deporte

Artículos similares

<< < 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 > >> 

También puede {advancedSearchLink} para este artículo.