Motivational profiles of university volunteers in sport events: a segmentation approach
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12800/ccd.v16i50.1575Palabras clave:
Motivational profile, sport, university volunteering, educational program, segmentation researchResumen
University volunteering is a recurring resource for many sports organizations that contribute altruistically to the success of small-scale sports events and enhance sustainable development in society. This study aimed to evaluate the motivation of sport volunteers in small sport events, identifying the different profiles of volunteers according to their degree of motivation. Participants in this study included 216 university students. The instrument used was an adaptation of the SEVMS scale formed by 22 items divided into four factors (Solidary, Purposive, Commitments/External Traditions, and Spare Time). An exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and a cluster analysis were carried out to identify possible groups of participants according to the motivational factors. Three factors were identified: Solidarity, Purpose, and Commitment/External Traditions. The cluster analysis identified three motivational profiles: “Altruist” with high scores on all three factors; “Career and social seekers” with high scores on solidarity and purpose and very low scores on the factor commitment/external traditions; and the group “Community Supporters” with moderate scores on all items. This study allows us to have a better understanding of the motivational profile of the university student’s volunteers according to their characteristics. These findings will help to develop strategies for the promotion and recruitment of volunteers
across different university sports programs.
Citas
Alexander, A., Kim, S. B., & Kim, D. Y. (2015). Segmenting volunteers by motivation in the 2012 London Olympic Games. Tourism Management, 47, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2014.09.002
Allen, J. B., & Bartle, M. (2014). Sport Event Volunteers’ Engagement: Management Matters. Managing Leisure, 19, 36–50. https://doi.org/10.1080/13606719.2013.849502
Amate, M., Fernández, N., Sánchez, M., Fuente, O., Folqué, J., Esteban. M., & Franco, P. (2020). Objetivos de desarrollo sostenible: Un pacto para cambiar el mundo – Voluntariado deportivo. Plataforma del Voluntariado de España.
Ballesteros, V., Romero, A. J., Montero, L., & Velasco, A. (2019). El voluntariado y las universidades visto por las entidades de voluntariado. Plataforma del Voluntariado de España.
Bang, H., & Chelladurai, P. (2009). Development and validation of the volunteer motivations scale for international sporting events (VMS-ISE). International Journal of Sport Management & Marketing, 6(4), 332-350. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJSMM.2009.030064
Bang, H., & Ross, S. D. (2009). Volunteer motivation and satisfaction. Journal of Venue and Event Management, 1(1), 61-77.
Bang, H., Bravo, G. A., Mello Figuerôa, K., & Mezzadri, F. M. (2019). The impact of volunteer experience at sport mega‐events on intention to continue volunteering: Multigroup path analysis. Journal of Community Psychology, 47(4), 727-742. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcop.22149
Child, D. (2006). The essentials of factor analysis (3rd Edition). Continuum.
Clary, E. G., Snyder, M., Ridge, R. D., Copeland, J., Stukas, A. A., Haugen, J., et al. (1998). Understanding and assessing the motivations of volunteers: A functional approach. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74(6), 1516–1530. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.74.6.1516
Devereux, P., Paull, M., Hawkes, M., & Georgeou, N. (2017). Volunteering and the UN sustainable development goals: Finding common grou nd between national and international volunteering agendas? Third Sector Review, 23(1), 209-234. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/53998
Dickson, T. J., Benson, A. M., & Terwiel, F. A. (2014). Mega-event volunteers, similar or different? Vancouver 2010 vs London 2012. International Journal of Event and Festival Management, 5(2), 164–179. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJEFM-07-2013-0019
Dickson, T. J., Benson, A. M., Blackman, D. A., & Terwiel, F. A. (2013). It's all about the games! 2010 Vancouver Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games volunteers. Event Management, 17(1), 77–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3727/152599513X13623342048220
Dickson, T. J., Darcy, S., & Benson, A. (2017). Volunteers with disabilities at the London 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games: who, why, and will they do it again? Event Management, 21(3), 301-318. https://doi.org/10.3727/152599517X14942648527527
Dickson, T. J., Darcy, S., Edwards, D., & Terwiel, F. A. (2015). Sport mega-event volunteers' motivations and postevent intention to volunteer: The Sydney World Masters Games, 2009. Event Management, 19(2), 227–245. https://doi.org/10.3727/152599515X14297053839692
Ellison, F., & Kerr, H. (2014). The student volunteering landscape. National Union of Students.
Farrell, J. M., Johnston, M. E., & Twynam, G. D. (1998). Volunteer motivation, satisfaction, and management at an elite sporting competition. Journal of Sport Management, 12(4), 288–300. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsm.12.4.288
Fundación Mutua Madrileña (2019). VII Estudio sobre Voluntariado Universitario. Fundación Mutua Madrileña. Retrieved from: http://www.fundacionmutua.es/Estudios.html (accessed on 20 August 2020).
Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., Anderson, R. E., & Tatham, R. L. (2014). Multivariate Data Analysis (7.ª ed.). PrenticeHall.
Handy, F., Cnaan, R. A., Hustinx, L., Kang, C., Brudney, J. L., Haski-Leventhal, D., & Zrinscak, S. (2010). A cross-cultural examination of student volunteering: Is it all about resume building? Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, 39, 498-523. https://doi.org/10.1177/0899764009344353
Hayton, J. (2015). Sports Volunteering on University-Led Outreach Projects: A Space for Developing Social Capital?. Journal of Sport and Social Issues, 40(1), 38-61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0193723515576598
Holmes, K., Paull, M., Haski-Leventhal, D., MacCallum, J., Omari, M., Walker, G., Scott, R., Young, S., & Maher, A. (2020). A continuum of University student volunteer programme models. Journal of Higher Education Policy and Management, 1-17. https://doi.org/10.1080/1360080X.2020.1804658
Howard, J., & Burns, D. (2015). Volunteering for development within the new ecosystem of international development. IDS Bulletin, 46(5), 5-16. https://doi.org/10.1111/1759-5436.12171
Hoye, R., Cuskelly, G., Auld, C., Kappelides, P., & Misener, K. (2019). Sport Volunteering (1st Ed.). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429292323
Johnson, J. E., Giannoulakis, C., Felver, N., Judge, L. W., David, P. A., & Scott, B. F. (2017). Motivation, satisfaction, and retention of sport management student volunteers. Journal of Applied Sport Management, 9(1), 1-27. https://doi.org/10.18666/JASM-2017-V9-I1-7450
Johnson, J. E., Giannoulakis, C., Scott, B. F., Felver, N., & Judge, L. W. (2016). Gender differences in motivation, satisfaction, and retention of sport management undergraduate student volunteers. Indiana AHPERD, 45(3), 40-44.
Johnston, M., Twynam, D., & Farrell, J. (1999). Motivation and satisfaction of event volunteers for a major youth organization. Leisure/Loisir, 24(1/2), 161–177. https://doi.org/10.1080/14927713.1999.9651263
Khoo, S., & Engelhorn, R. (2007). Volunteer motivations for the Malaysian Paralympiad. Tourism and Hospitality Planning & Development, 4(3), 159–167. https://doi.org/10.1080/14790530701733413
Khoo, S., & Engelhorn, R. (2011). Volunteer motivations at a national Special Olympics event. Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly, 28(1), 27–39. https://doi.org/10.1123/apaq.28.1.27
Khoo, S., Surujlal, J., & Engelhorn, R. (2011). Motivation of volunteers at disability sports events: A comparative study of volunteers in Malaysia, South Africa and the United States. African Journal for Physical Health Education, Recreation and Dance, 17(2), 356-371. https://hdl.handle.net/10520/EJC121720
Kim, E., & Cuskelly, G. (2017). A systematic quantitative review of volunteer management in events. Event Management, 21(1), 83-100. https://doi.org/10.3727/152599517X14809630271195
Kim, E., Fredline, L., & Cuskelly, G. (2018). Heterogeneity of sport event volunteer motivations: A segmentation approach. Tourism Management, 68, 375-386. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2018.04.004
Kim, M., Zhang, J. J., & Connaughton, D. P. (2010). Comparison of volunteer motivations in different youth sport organizations. European Sport Management Quarterly, 10(3), 343-365. https://doi.org/10.1080/16184741003770198
Kim, S. B., Alexander, A., & Kim, D. Y. (2019). Volunteers’ Motivation, Satisfaction, and Intention to Volunteer in the Future: The London 2012 Olympic Games. Journal of Tourism and Leisure Research, 31(7), 431-454. https://doi.org/10.31336/JTLR.2019.7.31.7.431
Ki-Moon, B. (2016). Remarks on value of Hosting Mega Sport Events as a Social, Economic and Environmental Sustainable Development Tool. United Nations. Retreived from: https://www.un.org/sg/en/content/sg/speeches/2016-02-16/remarks-value-hosting-mega-sport-events-social-economic-and (accessed on 15 August 2020).
Knoke, D., & Prensky, D. (1984). What relevance do organization theories have for voluntary associations? Social Science Quarterly, 65(1), 3–20.
Koutrou, N. (2018). The Impact of the 2010 Women’s Rugby World Cup on Sustained Volunteering in the Rugby Community. Sustainability, 10(4), 1030. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10041030
Lockstone-Binney, L., Holmes, K., Smith, K., Baum, T., & Storer, C. (2015). Are all my volunteers here to help out? Clustering event volunteers by their motivations. Event Management, 19(4), 461-477. https://doi.org/10.3727/152599515X14465748512605
McFadden, A. (2017). Amplifying student learning through volunteering. Journal of University Teaching & Learning Practice, 14(3), 6. https://ro.uow.edu.au/jutlp/vol14/iss3/6
Mirsafian, H., & Mohamadinejad, A. (2012). Sport volunteerism: a study on volunteering motivations in university students. Journal of Human Sport and Exercise. 7(1), 73-84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4100/jhse.2012.7.Proc1.09
Nichols, G., & Ralston, R. (2014). The legacy costs of delivering the 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games through regulatory capitalism, Leisure Studies 34(4), 389–404. https://doi.org/10.1080/02614367.2014.923495
Nunnally J. C., & Bernstein I. (1994). Validity. Psychometric Theory, 3, 99–132.
Pauline, G., & Pauline, J. (2009). Volunteer motivation and demographic influences at a professional tennis event. Team Performance Management, 15(3/4), 172–184. https://doi.org/10.1108/13527590910964946
Pierce, D., Johnson, J., Felver, N., Wanless, E., & Judge, L. (2014). Influence of volunteer motivations on satisfaction for undergraduate sport management students. Global Sport Business Journal, 2(2), 63-72.
Schlesinger, T., & Gubler, R. (2016). Motivational profiles of sporting event volunteers. Sport in Society, 19(10), 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1080/17430437.2015.1133596
Strigas, A. D., & Jackson, E. N., Jr. (2003). Motivating volunteers to serve and succeed: Design and results of a pilot study that explores demographics and motivational factors in sport volunteerism. International Sports Journal, 7(1), 111–123. Retrieved from https://search.proquest.com/docview/219892022?accountid=17225
Treuren, G. J. (2014). Enthusiasts, conscripts or instrumentalists? The motivational profiles of event volunteers. Managing Leisure, 19(1), 51-70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13606719.2013.849506
United Nations (2015, 21th October). A/RES/70/1. Transforming our world: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. General Asambly United Nations. https://www.un.org/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=A/RES/70/1&Lang=E
Van Den Berg, L., Cuskelly, G., & Auld, C. (2015). A comparative study between Australian and South African university sport students' volunteer motives and constraints: sport management and governance. African Journal for Physical Health Education, Recreation and Dance, 21(Sup.1), 127-141. https://hdl.handle.net/10520/EJC183677
Visauta, B., Martori, I., Cañas, J. (2005). Análisis estadístico con SPSS para Windows (2nd Ed.). McGraw-Hill.
Whitley, C., & Yoder, S. (2015). Developing social responsibility and political engagement: Assessing the aggregate impacts of university civic engagement on associated attitudes and behaviors. Education, Citizenship and Social Justice, 10(3), 217–233. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1746197915583941
Zhuang, J., & Girginov, V. (2012). Volunteer selection and social, human and political capital: A case study of the Beijing 2008 Olympic games. Managing Leisure, 17(2–3), 239–256. https://doi.org/10.1080/13606719.2012.674397
Descargas
Publicado
Cómo citar
Número
Sección
Licencia
Derechos de autor 2021 Creative Commons Attribution License
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0.
Los autores que publican en esta revista están de acuerdo con los siguientes términos:- Los autores conservan los derechos de autor y garantizan a la revista el derecho de ser la primera publicación del trabajo al igual que licenciado bajo una Creative Commons Attribution License que permite a otros compartir el trabajo con un reconocimiento de la autoría del trabajo y la publicación inicial en esta revista.
