Efecto a corto plazo de un programa de estiramientos en la extensibilidad isquiosural y disposición sagital del raquis en estudiantes de Educación Secundaria.(Short-term effect of a hamstring stretching program in hamstring extensibility and sagittal spinal curvatures in high school students).

Autores/as

  • Mario López-Ruiz Facultad de Educación. Universidad de Murcia. España
  • Pedro Ángel López-Miñarro Facultad de Educación. Universidad de Murcia. España

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.12800/ccd.v15i43.1401

Palabras clave:

Flexibilidad, estiramiento muscular, Educación Física, postura raquídea

Resumen

Debido a la frecuencia de casos con una reducida extensibilidad isquiosural y alteraciones posturales en adolescentes, el objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la influencia de un programa de estiramientos, de corta duración, en la extensibilidad isquiosural y disposición sagital del raquis en estudiantes de Educación Secundaria. A sesenta y dos adolescentes varones (14-17 años) se les midió la extensibilidad isquiosural (test sit-and-reach y test de elevación de la pierna recta) antes (pre-test) y después (post-test) de un programa escolar de 5 semanas (2 sesiones semanales), compuesto por tres estiramientos de la musculatura isquiosural, con una duración total por sesión de 70 segundos. También se valoró la disposición sagital del raquis torácico, lumbar e inclinación pélvica en bipedestación relajada y en el sit-and-reach. Se encontró un aumento significativo en la distancia alcanzada en el test sit-and-reach (d= 0,23) y en el ángulo de flexión coxofemoral en el test de elevación de la pierna recta (d= 0,85-0,90). La disposición sagital del raquis en bipedestación no mostró diferencias entre el pre- y post-test. En la posición de máxima flexión del sit-and-reach, hubo una menor cifosis torácica y menor retroversión pélvica (p < 0,05) en el post-test, aunque con un tamaño del efecto bajo (d=0,02-0,22). Un programa de estiramientos de la musculatura isquiosural realizado en las dos clases semanales de Educación Física (70 segundos de estiramiento en cada clase), durante 5 semanas, mejora la extensibilidad isquiosural de adolescentes y reduce, ligeramente, la flexión torácica y la retroversión pélvica en la posición de máxima flexión del tronco con rodillas extendidas.

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Hamstring shortness and postural deformities are frequent in adolescents. For this reason, the purpose of this study was to analyse the influence of a shortterm stretching program in hamstring extensibility and sagittal spinal curvatures in high school students. Sixty-two male high school students aged 14-17 years old performed a 70 seconds hamstring stretching program (3 exercises) twice a week for five weeks during their physical education classes. Hamstring extensibility was measured by the straight leg raise test and sit-and-reach test. Thoracic and lumbar curves and pelvic inclination were measures in relaxed standing and in the sit-and-reach test. These measures were assessed before (pre-test) and after (post-test) the intervention program. Significant increases in the sit-and-reach score (d= 0.23) and in the straight leg raise angle (d= 0.85-0.90) were found. Sagittal spinal curvatures in standing showed no differences between pre- and post-test. In the maximal trunk flexion position during the sit-and-reach was detected a lower thoracic kyphosis and posterior pelvic tilt (p < 0.05) in post-test although with a low size effect (d=0.02-0.22). A hamstring muscle stretching program with a volume of 2 sessions per week (70 seconds each session), for 5 weeks, improves hamstring extensibility in adolescents and slightly reduces the thoracic bending and posterior pelvic tilt in trunk flexion postures with extended knees.

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Publicado

2020-03-05

Cómo citar

López-Ruiz, M., & López-Miñarro, P. Ángel. (2020). Efecto a corto plazo de un programa de estiramientos en la extensibilidad isquiosural y disposición sagital del raquis en estudiantes de Educación Secundaria.(Short-term effect of a hamstring stretching program in hamstring extensibility and sagittal spinal curvatures in high school students). Cultura, Ciencia Y Deporte, 15(43), 75–84. https://doi.org/10.12800/ccd.v15i43.1401

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