Condición física, actividad física, conducta sedentaria y predictores psicológicos en adolescentes chilenos: diferencias por género. (Physical fitness, physical activity, sedentary behavior and psychological predictors in Chilean adolescents: Differences by gender)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12800/ccd.v14i42.1337Palabras clave:
Capacidad cardiorrespiratoria, composición corporal, acelerometría, motivación autónoma, jóvenes.Resumen
El objetivo del estudio fue comparar los niveles de condición física, actividad física, conducta sedentaria y predictores psicológicos de actividad física entre adolescentes chilenos varones y mujeres. A 70 varones y 56 mujeres adolescentes chilenos (edad =13.00 ± 1.00 años) se les evaluó la condición física (composición corporal y capacidad cardiorrespiratoria), hábitos de actividad física y conducta sedentaria (acelerómetro GT3X) y predictores psicológicos de actividad física (motivación hacia el ejercicio físico, barreras hacia el ejercicio físico e intención de ser físicamente activo) (diseño transversal). Los resultados de la prueba U de Mann-Whitney mostraron que los adolescentes varones tenían unos niveles estadísticamente significativos más favorables de composición corporal, capacidad cardiorrespiratoria, actividad física, motivación autodeterminada hacia el ejercicio físico, barreras hacia el ejercicio físico e intención de ser físicamente activo que las mujeres (p ≤ .05). Los diferentes programas conducentes a crear hábitos saludables entre los jóvenes deberían tener presente las diferencias existentes entre los adolescentes varones y mujeres.
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The purpose of this study was to compare the levels of physical fitness, physical activity, sedentary behavior and psychological predictors of physical activity among male and female Chilean adolescents. A total of 70 male and 56 female Chilean adolescents (aged 13.00 ± 1.00 years old) were assessed for physical fitness (body composition and cardiorespiratory fitness), habitual physical activity and sedentary behavior (GT3X accelerometer) and psychological predictors of physical activity (motivation toward exercise, barriers toward exercise and intention to be physically active) (cross-sectional design). The Mann-Whitney U test results showed that male adolescents had statistically significant more favorable levels of body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness, physical activity, self-determined motivation toward exercise, barriers toward exercise and intention to be physically active than women (p ≤ .05). The different programs conducive to creating healthy habits among young people should keep in mind the differences between male and female adolescents.
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