Relative Age Effect on the Men's (1962-2022) and Women's (1991-2023) Fifa World Cups: Analysis by Sex, Sporting Outcome and Confederation

Carlos Felipe Martínez Benítez; Juan Diego Ávila-Martínez; Boryi Alexander Becerra Patiño; Diego Andrés Rada-Perdigón; José Pino-Ortega

doi:10.12800/ccd.v21i67.2366

Autores/as

Carlos Felipe Martínez Benítez https://orcid.org/0009-0002-3322-867X
Juan Diego Ávila-Martínez https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4088-5176
Boryi Alexander Becerra Patiño Universidad Pedagógica Nacional https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9581-5071
Diego Andrés Rada-Perdigón https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6536-222X
José Pino-Ortega https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9091-0897

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.12800/ccd.v21i67.2366

Palabras clave:

cuartil de nacimiento, efecto de la edad relativa, soccer, diferencias de sexo

Resumen

Los objetivos de este estudio fueron tres: i) analizar el RAE de los futbolistas de élite que disputaron la Copa Mundial de la FIFA entre 1962 y 2022 para los hombres y 1991 hasta 2023 para las mujeres; ii) comprobar si existen diferencias entre las distribuciones por fecha de nacimiento de los jugadores sobre la fase alcanzada en la Copa Mundial; iii) analizar el RAE según las diferentes confederaciones. Las diferencias entre las distribuciones observadas y esperadas se analizaron mediante la prueba de bondad de ajuste Chi-cuadrado y Odds ratio. Se evaluaron las fechas de nacimiento de 9.064 atletas masculinos y 3.580 atletas femeninas. Estos resultados están relacionados con los del presente estudio, en el que también se ha determinado que existe un RAE significativo para 11 de los 15 campeonatos del mundo masculinos y 7 de los 9 campeonatos del mundo femeninos analizados que resultaron campeones. En cuanto al análisis según los equipos que obtuvieron un RAE significativo, se determinó que de los 14 equipos que han sido campeones o subcampeones en los mundiales masculinos y femeninos, sólo los equipos de Inglaterra para los hombres y Noruega, Suecia y Estados Unidos para las mujeres resultaron significativos para el campeón. Para el análisis del RAE según confederación, se ha determinado que sólo hay dos RAE significativos para el equipo campeón (CONCACAF y CAF), tres para los equipos subcampeones (AFC, CONCACAF y CAF) y tres para el tercer puesto (AFC, CONCACAF, CONMEBOL).

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