Efectos de un Programa de Entrenamiento en Adultos Mayores. Asociación entre Capacidades Físicas, Composición Corporal y Resultados en Moca Según Género

Montserrat Monserrat Hernández; Juan Carlos Checa Olmos; Ángeles Arjona Garrido; José Manuel

doi:10.12800/ccd.v20i63.2219

Authors

Montserrat Monserrat Hernández Universidad de Almería https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3915-5475
Juan Carlos Checa Olmos University of Almería https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6018-5017
Ángeles Arjona Garrido University of Almería https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3493-6133
José Manuel University of Almería https://orcid.org/0009-0002-4486-3046

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.12800/ccd.v20i63.2219

Abstract

The presence of diseases related to cognitive impairment is a growing problem today. The aim of this study is to establish a relation between sports practice, body parameters and cognitive impairment. The experimental group (EG) consisted of a total of 29 individuals, with a mean age of 66.14 years (SD 4.55), sixteen women and 13 men; and the control group (CG) consisted of 30 participants, fifteen women and 15 men, with a mean age
of 68.52 (SD 5.52). Body parameters were measured by bioimpedance (BIA); trained physical abilities were measured by walking speed and handgrip strength; and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment Test (MoCa) was administered for cognitive evaluation. The results show that the training program improved physical abilities, BIA and MoCa scores of the EG (time p < .001, group < .05, time*group < .001) and that there are significant differences with respect to the CG. Furthermore, muscle
mass is the trained anthropometric parameter that has the greatest influence on the results of cognitive impairment (in
both men (sig = .040) and women (sig = .020)), with right hand grip strength being the physical ability that has the greatest influence on this parameter (T1 sig = .015, T2 sig = .004). This research demonstrated the importance of strength work within an adapted training program for the prevention of cognitive impairment, resulting in improved MoCa test scores in the group that had practiced it. This illustrates the way forward for further work on exercise as a means of preventing cognitive decline.

Author Biographies

Juan Carlos Checa Olmos, University of Almería

Graduate in Political Science and Sociology from the University of Granada and Doctor in Sociology from the University of Almería. His professional career is as a professor in the area of Sociology, Department of Geography, History and Humanities at the UAL. Member of CEMyRI, Juan Carlos has delved into topics related to sport and society or sport and immigration in his research career.

Ángeles Arjona Garrido, University of Almería

She has been a professor since 1999 and is currently a professor at the UAL (since April 2009). He has taught in the former Diplomas in Labor Relations and Tourism, in the Lic. de Cs. of Work, Psychology and Humanities and in the Doctoral and Postgraduate/Master's Program, with mention of quality: Globalization, Multiculturalism and Social Exclusion. She has been a teacher of the Master's Degree in Gender Studies.
Current director of Cemyri

José Manuel, University of Almería

PhD student at the University of Almería on physical activity and physical exercise for health. Graduated in "Physical Activity and Sports Sciences", in "Master of Education in Secondary Teachers", "Master of Research in CCAFD" and "Master in Exercise Prescription in Chronic Pathologies and Special Populations". Personal trainer in varied populations and collaborator in different research projects.