Determinants of Low Back Pain in Semiprofessional and Professional Dancers of Various Dance Styles: A Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract

Non-specific low back pain is highly prevalent among dancers due to the physical demands of their discipline. This study aimed to identify factors associated with this condition in semi-professional and professional dancers from various styles, examining its functional impact. A cross-sectional study was conducted with dancers over 18 years old from the province of Llanquihue. Assessments included interviews, dance background, body composition via DEXA, deep abdominal muscle function using pressure biofeedback (Stabilizer®), and functional measures using VAS and the Oswestry Disability Index. Low back pain was reported by 57.7% of participants, with higher prevalence in classical and urban styles. Functional disability was low (1.46%), although tasks requiring higher biomechanical load, such as standing or lifting, showed greater impact. Significant correlations were found between post-practice pain and body composition parameters, particularly visceral fat. Semi-professional dancers demonstrated greater motor control inefficiency compared to professionals. Results suggest that technical and physical demands specific to each dance style contribute to the occurrence of pain, while motor control deficits and functional asymmetries represent additional relevant factors. Although overall body composition was favorable, certain fat distribution patterns were associated with higher pain levels. These findings highlight key factors that should be considered when designing preventive and management strategies for low back pain in dancers.