Efectos del entrenamiento de fuerza muscular en mujeres post- menopáusicas con síndrome metabólico. Revisión sistemática. (Effects of muscle strength training in postmenopausal women with metabolic syndrome. Systematic review)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12800/ccd.v14i42.1334Palabras clave:
Obesidad, menopausia, insulina, envejecimiento, entrenamiento de resistencia.Resumen
Durante la menopausia, el riesgo de desarrollar síndrome metabólico se incrementa exponencialmente debido a los cambios hormonales y la edad avanzada; en este sentido, el ejercicio físico ha mostrado ser una herramienta eficaz en su tratamiento. El objetivo fue realizar una revisión sistemática de ensayos clínicos aleatorizados para valorar los efectos del entrenamiento de fuerza muscular sobre los distintos parámetros del síndrome metabólico en mujeres postmenopáusicas. Para ello se realizó una revisión sistemática de la literatura en Pubmed, ScienDirect y SportDiscus utilizando las palabras: Resistance training y metabolic syndrome o strength training y menopause, dando un resultado de 530 artículos y seleccionando 9 de ellos que cumplieron con los criterios establecidos. Todos los estudios se realizaron en mujeres postmenopáusicas, implementando entrenamiento de fuerza muscular con grupo control, evaluación de algún componente del síndrome metabólico, y con la intensidad declarada. Luego los estudios fueron evaluados mediante la escala de PEDro. Los resultados muestran que el entrenamiento de fuerza muscular ha demostrado tener efectos positivos en la población post-menopáusicas, aumentando la masa muscular, mejorando el control de la glicemia, regulando los lípidos sanguíneos, presión arterial y, sobre todo, la puntuación global del síndrome metabólico, siendo una estrategia segura para implementar en esta población. Según esta revisión, los parámetros para prescribir la intensidad del ejercicio de fuerza muscular aún no se han logrado precisar.
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During menopause, the risk of developing metabolic syndrome increases exponentially because of hormonal changes and old age. The aim is to perform a systematic review of randomized clinical trials to the effects of muscle strength training on the different parameters of the metabolic syndrome in postmenopausal women. A systematic review of the literature was performed in Pubmed, ScienDirect and SportDiscus using the words: Resistance training and metabolic syndrome or strength training and menopause, giving a result of 530 articles and selecting 9 of them that met the established criteria. All studies were performed in postmenopausal women, implementing muscle strength training with control group, evaluation of some component of metabolic syndrome, and with stated intensity. The studies were then evaluated using the PEDro scale. The results show that muscle strength training has been shown to have positive effects on the postmenopausal population, increasing muscle mass, improving glycemic control, regulating blood lipids, blood pressure and above all the overall metabolic syndrome score, being a safe strategy to implement in this population. According to this review, the parameters for prescribing the intensity of muscle strength exercise have not yet been determined.
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