EFECTIVIDAD DEL EJERCICIO DE ALTA INTENSIDAD FRENTE A INTERVENCIONES MENTE-CUERPO EN LA MEJORA DE LA COGNICIÓN EN ADULTOS MAYORES CON DETERIORO COGNITIVO LEVE: REVISIÓN SISTEMÁTICA Y METAANÁLISIS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12800/ccd.v20i66.2335Palabras clave:
Deterioro Cognitivo, Ejercicio de Alta Intensidad, Intervenciones Mente-Cuerpo, Adultos Mayores, CogniciónResumen
Según la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS), para el año 2050 la proporción de personas mayores de 60 años se duplicará, representando un problema de salud pública frente al incremento del deterioro cognitivo leve (DCL). Ante esto, las intervenciones específicas de ejercicio representan una herramienta para preservar el bienestar físico y cognitivo de los adultos mayores. El objetivo principal de esta revisión fue determinar la dosis-respuesta óptima del ejercicio de alta intensidad en comparación con las intervenciones mente-cuerpo para mejorar la cognición en adultos mayores con DCL en Colombia. Se llevó a cabo una revisión sistemática con metaanálisis, realizando una búsqueda bibliográfica entre enero y abril del 2024 en las bases de datos Pubmed, Scopus y Web of Science. Se seleccionaron ensayos clínicos aleatorizados que incluyeron estas intervenciones como apoyo al tratamiento de adultos mayores con DCL o demencia. De los 1607 estudios identificados, se incluyeron 28 artículos que midieron la cognición como variable principal. Posterior al metaanálisis, se determinó el tamaño de efecto medio del ejercicio de alta intensidad (g = 0,644, IC95%: 0,185 — 1,104, p = 0,006) y las intervenciones mente-cuerpo (g = 0,404, IC95%: 0,288 — 0,521, p < 0,001). Ningún estudio logró cegar a los participantes o terapeutas, lo que tiende a generar sobreestimación de los resultados entre un 7% y 13%. El ejercicio de alta intensidad parece ser más efectivo que las intervenciones mente-cuerpo para mejorar la cognición debido al aumento del factor neurotrófico derivado del cerebro y sus efectos sobre las funciones mentales superiores.
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