Biomechanical Assessment of Fencing Techniques in Men and Women: An Approach with Inertial Sensing and Linear Mixed Models

Abstract

Accuracy, speed, and coordination are key factors in executing fencing techniques, and understanding these movements could enhance the effectiveness of gender-differentiated training. We sought to investigate biomechanical differences between men and women in fencing techniques using inertial sensors and their influence on sporting performance. Observational, cross-sectional, and quantitative study with 24 fencers from the Liga Vallecaucana de Esgrima (Colombia), national and international competitors. Techniques of touch to the Palestre, backhand, and arrow were performed by placing Xsens Dot inertial sensors on the biceps, forearm, quadriceps, and gastrocnemius. Linear mixed models (MixedLM) were analysed. This approach allowed for control of intra- and inter-group variability. Results were expressed as regression coefficients, standard errors, and .-values, enabling determination of the statistical significance of observed differences. All analysis was performed using specialised statistical software (Python), ensuring the accuracy and validity of the results. The techniques employed yielded consistent results for the Euler_X and Euler_Z variables, with sex a significant factor. Linear mixed models revealed considerable variability between groups (identified by Code), particularly in the Euler_X and Euler_Z variables.