Effects of a psychological and physiotherapeutic intervention on the occurrence of injuries (Efectos de una intervención psicológica y fisioterapeútica sobre la ocurrencia de lesiones)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12800/ccd.v16i48.1715Palabras clave:
Soccer players, injury, psychological intervention, motivation, anxiety (futbolistas, lesión, intervención psicológica, motivación, ansiedad)Resumen
This study aims to analyse the effects of a psychological intervention focused on motivation and anxiety, in combination with a physiotherapy program, upon the occurrence of injuries. The participants were 22 male soccer players (age = 23.31, SD = 4.24). The instruments used were injury protocol, Competitive State Anxiety Inventory 2 (CSAI-2) and Behavioral Regulation in Sport Questionnaire (BRSQ). The program lasted twelve sessions a periodicity of weeks and with duration of approximately 30-40 minutes each. A pre/post-treatment design with three modalities was used: psychological treatment and physiotherapy (combined modality), physiotherapy and control. The groups are formed randomly with the Windows Excel program. The results on the indication of injury show that the physiotherapeutic treatment and the combined treatment reduce the appearance of injury compared to the control group during the intervention. In the long term (six months after the intervention), only the combined treatment significantly reduced the injury compared to the control group. The combined program produced a reduction of de-motivation levels and external regulation, along with an increase in intrinsic motivation (accomplishment) in comparison to the group who received physiotherapy on its own. Both interventions (combined and physiotherapy alone) were efficient in decreasing anxiety levels, although the combined group was more efficient, as well as being the only one that significantly improved self-confidence levels and intrinsic motivation. Nevertheless, because of the lack of previous literature in this area and because of the methodological difficulties further studies are required.
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Este estudio tiene como objetivo analizar los efectos de una intervención psicológica centrada en la motivación y la ansiedad, en combinación con un programa de fisioterapia, sobre la aparición de lesiones. Los participantes fueron 22 jugadores de fútbol masculinos (edad = 23.31, SD = 4.24). Los instrumentos utilizados fueron el protocolo de lesiones, el Inventario de ansiedad de estado competitivo 2 (CSAI-2) y el Cuestionario de regulación del comportamiento en el deporte (BRSQ). El programa duró doce sesiones con una periodicidad semanal y con una duracion de 30-40 minutos cada una. Se utilizó un diseño pre/post tratamiento con tres modalidades: tratamiento psicológico y fisioterapia (modalidad combinada), fisioterapia y control. Los grupos se formaron aleatoriamente con el programa Excel de Windows. Los resultados sobre la indicidencia de lesión muestran que el tratamiento fisioterapéutico y el tratamiento combinado reducen la aparición de lesión respecto al grupo control durante la intervención. A largo plazo (seis meses después de la intervención) únicamente el tratamiento combinado reduce significativamente la lesión respecto el grupo control. El programa combinado produjo una reducción de los niveles de desmotivación y regulación externa, junto con un aumento de la motivación intrínseca (logro) en comparación con el grupo que recibió fisioterapia por sí solo. Ambas intervenciones (combinadas y fisioterapia sola) fueron eficientes para disminuir los niveles de ansiedad, aunque el grupo combinado fue más eficiente, además de ser el único que mejoró significativamente los niveles de autoconfianza y la motivación intrínseca. Sin embargo, debido a la falta de literatura previa en esta área y debido a las dificultades metodológicas, se requieren más estudios.
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