Relación entre indicadores biomecánicos y psicofisiológicos y el rendimiento en una carrera de montaña vertical. (Relationship between biomechanical and psychophysiological indicators and performance in a vertical mountain race).
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12800/ccd.v15i43.1396Palabras clave:
Rendimiento, subida, bastones, potencia, eficiencia fisiológicaResumen
Con el objetivo de conocer la relación entre indicadores biomecánicos y psicofisiológicos, así como las posibles diferencias psicofisiológicas pre-post y entre el uso o no de bastones con el rendimiento en las subidas en corredores de montaña, se realiza un estudio prospectivo y descriptivo de una carrera de montaña vertical. Para ello, se analizaron variables biomecánicas (velocidad, y manifestaciones de fuerza y potencia) y psicofisiológicas (lactato, frecuencia cardíaca y percepción subjetiva de fatiga) en un total de nueve (n = 9) corredores experimentados, divididos en dos grupos según su uso (n = 4) o no (n = 5) de bastones durante la carrera. Se realizan análisis no paramétricos para determinar las posibles relaciones entre variables, diferencias entre grupos y diferencias entre los valores psicofisiológicos previos y posteriores a la prueba. Los resultados no presentan diferencias ni correlaciones significativas (p < 0.05) de rendimiento entre los que usaron bastones o no. Hay diferencias significativas entre las variables psicofisiológicas previas y posteriores, además de relaciones del rendimiento (tiempo final y relación de tiempo con el primer clasificado) con mayor frecuencia cardíaca media y máxima, así como una menor acumulación de lactato. Se concluye que un mejor rendimiento en una carrera de montaña vertical se asocia a una mayor eficiencia fisiológica pero no a mayores manifestaciones de fuerza y potencia de salto en corredores entrenados.
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In order to know the relationship between biomechanical and psychophysiological indicators, as well as the possible pre-post psychophysiological differences and the use of poles in the uphill performance on mountain runners, we performed a prospective and descriptive study of one vertical mountain race. Thus, it was analysed biomechanical (speed and strength/power manifestations) and psychophysiological variables (lactate, heart rate and subjective perception of fatigue) with a total of nine (n = 9) experienced runners divided into groups to use (n = 4) or not (n = 5) poles during the race. Nonparametric analyses were performed to observe the correlations between variables, the differences between groups and the differences between the psychophysiological values before and after the test. The results do not present significant (p < 0.05) differences or correlations of performance between those that used poles or not. There are significant differences between the psychophysiological variables pre and post, in addition they show correlations of performance (final time and relation of time with the first classified) with higher mean and maximum heart rate, as well as a lower lactate accumulation. It is concluded that a better performance in a mountain vertical race is associated to higher physiological efficiency but not to greater strength and power jump manifestations in trained runners.
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