Efecto de la Fatiga Mental Sobre el Rendimiento en Tareas de Resistencia: Una Revisión Sistemática
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12800/ccd.v20i63.2269Resumen
La fatiga mental puede afectar, no solo al rendimiento cognitivo, sino también al rendimiento físico. Por ello, el objetivo principal del presente estudio fue revisar la literatura existente acerca de la influencia de la fatiga mental sobre la capacidad para soportar esfuerzos físicos mantenidos (tareas de resistencia). Para ello se llevó a cabo una búsqueda sistemática en la literatura existente en las bases de datos online Web Of Science, PubMed y Scopus con la siguiente estrategia de búsqueda: mental fatigue o cognitive fatigue y exercise o endurance y time to exhaustion o time trial o running o cycling. Se incluyeron un total de 28 artículos, que comprendían 29 intervenciones con una calidad metodológica alta (rango 6-8 puntos de 10 posibles) medida mediante la escala PEDro. Un 86% de las intervenciones analizadas muestran que la fatiga mental reduce el rendimiento en la prueba de resistencia utilizada en comparación con una condición control sin fatiga mental. Además, la fatiga mental incrementa la percepción subjetiva del esfuerzo, sin alterar la frecuencia cardiaca o la concentración de lactato sanguíneo. Por tanto, los resultados obtenidos destacan la importancia de evitar cualquier actividad que implique demandas cognitivas previas a las sesiones de entrenamiento o competiciones deportivas, debido a los efectos perjudiciales sobre el rendimiento en tareas de resistencia.
Palabras Clave: Fatiga cognitiva, rendimiento físico, tareas de tiempo hasta la extenuación, contrarreloj, carrera, ciclismo.
Citas
Ansdell, P., Thomas, K., Hicks, K. M., Hunter, S. K., Howatson, G., & Goodall, S. (2020). Physiological sex differences affect the integrative response to exercise: acute and chronic implications. Experimental Physiology, 105(12), 2007–2021. https://doi.org/10.1113/EP088548
Barzegarpoor, H., Amoozi, H., Rajabi, H., Button, D., & Fayazmilani, R. (2020). The Effects of Performing Mental Exertion during Cycling Exercise on Fatigue Indices. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 41(12), 846–857. https://doi.org/10.1055/a-1179-8326
Boksem, M. A. S., & Tops, M. (2008). Mental fatigue: Costs and benefits. Brain Research Reviews, 59(1), 125–139. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brainresrev.2008.07.001
Brown, D. M. Y., & Bray, S. R. (2019). Effects of Mental Fatigue on Exercise Intentions and Behavior. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 53(5), 405–414. https://doi.org/10.1093/abm/kay052
Brownsberger, J., Edwards, A., Crowther, R., & Cottrell, D. (2013). Impact of Mental Fatigue on Self-paced Exercise. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 34(12), 1029–1036. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0033-1343402
Filipas, L., Borghi, S., La Torre, A., & Smith, M. R. (2021). Effects of mental fatigue on soccer-specific performance in young players. Science and Medicine in Football, 5(2), 150–157. https://doi.org/10.1080/24733938.2020.1823012
Filipas, L., Gallo, G., Pollastri, L., & Torre, A. L. (2019a). Mental fatigue impairs time trial performance in sub-elite under 23 cyclists. PLoS ONE, 14(6), e0218405. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0218405
Filipas, L., Gallo, G., Pollastri, L., & Torre, A. L. (2019b). Mental fatigue impairs time trial performance in sub-elite under 23 cyclists. PLoS ONE, 14(6), e0218405. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0218405
Filipas, L., Martin, K., Northey, J. M., La Torre, A., Keegan, R., & Rattray, B. (2020a). A 4-week endurance training program improves tolerance to mental exertion in untrained individuals. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 23(12), 1215–1219. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2020.04.020
Filipas, L., Martin, K., Northey, J. M., La Torre, A., Keegan, R., & Rattray, B. (2020b). A 4-week endurance training program improves tolerance to mental exertion in untrained individuals. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 23(12), 1215–1219. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2020.04.020
Filipas, L., Mottola, F., Tagliabue, G., & La Torre, A. (2018). The effect of mentally demanding cognitive tasks on rowing performance in young athletes. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 39, 52–62. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2018.08.002
Greco, G., Tambolini, R., Ambruosi, P., & Fischetti, F. (2017). Negative effects of smartphone use on physical and technical performance of young footballers. Journal of Physical Education and Sport, 17(4), 2495–2501. https://doi.org/10.7752/jpes.2017.04280
Harris, J. D., Quatman, C. E., Manring, M. M., Siston, R. A., & Flanigan, D. C. (2014). How to write a systematic review. American Journal of Sports Medicine, 42(11), 2761–2768. https://doi.org/10.1177/0363546513497567
Holgado, D., Sanabria, D., Perales, J. C., & Vadillo, M. A. (2020). Mental fatigue might be not so bad for exercise performance after all: A systematic review and bias-sensitive meta-analysis. Journal of Cognition, 3(1), 1-20. https://doi.org/10.5334/joc.126
Holgado, D., Zabala, M., & Sanabria, D. (2019). Correction: No evidence of the effect of cognitive load on self-paced cycling performance (PLoS ONE (2019) 14:5 (e0217825) DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0217825). PLoS ONE, 14(7), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0219340
Holgado, D., Zabala, M., & Sanabria, D. (2019). No evidence of the effect of cognitive load on self-paced cycling performance. PLoS ONE, 14(5), e0217825. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0217825
Lam, H. K. N., Middleton, H., & Phillips, S. M. (2021). The effect of self-selected music on endurance running capacity and performance in a mentally fatigued state. Journal of Human Sport and Exercise, 17(4), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.14198/jhse.2022.174.16
Lopes, T. R., Oliveira, D. M., Simurro, P. B., Akiba, H. T., Nakamura, F. Y., Okano, A. H., Dias, Á. M., & Silva, B. M. (2020). No Sex Difference in Mental Fatigue Effect on High-Level Runners’ Aerobic Performance. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 52(10), 2207–2216. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000002346
MacMahon, C., Hawkins, Z., & Schücker, L. (2019). Beep Test Performance Is Influenced by 30 Minutes of Cognitive Work. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 51(9), 1928–1934. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000001982
MacMahon, C., Schuecker, L., Hagemann, N., & Strauss, B. (2014). Cognitive Fatigue Effects on Physical Performance During Running. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 36(4), 375–381. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsep.2013-0249
Marcora, S. M., Staiano, W., & Manning, V. (2009). Mental fatigue impairs physical performance in humans. Journal of Applied Physiology, 106(3), 857–864. https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.91324.2008
Martin, K., Meeusen, R., Thompson, K. G., Keegan, R., & Rattray, B. (2018). Mental Fatigue Impairs Endurance Performance: A Physiological Explanation. Sports Medicine, 48(9), 2041–2051. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-018-0946-9
Martin, K., Staiano, W., Menaspà, P., Hennessey, T., Marcora, S., Keegan, R., Thompson, K. G., Martin, D., Halson, S., & Rattray, B. (2016). Superior inhibitory control and resistance to mental fatigue in professional road cyclists. PLoS ONE, 11(7), e0159907. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0159907
Martin, K., Thompson, K. G., Keegan, R., & Rattray, B. (2019). Are Individuals Who Engage in More Frequent Self-Regulation Less Susceptible to Mental Fatigue? Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 41(5), 289–297. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsep.2018-0222
Möckel, T., Beste, C., & Wascher, E. (2015). The Effects of Time on Task in Response Selection - An ERP Study of Mental Fatigue. Scientific Reports, 5, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep10113
Pageaux, B., Lepers, R., Dietz, K. C., & Marcora, S. M. (2014). Response inhibition impairs subsequent self-paced endurance performance. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 114(5), 1095–1105. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-014-2838-5
Penna, E. M., Filho, E., Campos, B. T., Ferreira, R. M., Parma, J. O., Lage, G. M., Coswig, V. S., Wanner, S. P., & Prado, L. S. (2021). No Effects of Mental Fatigue and Cerebral Stimulation on Physical Performance of Master Swimmers. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 634405. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.634405
Penna, E. M., Filho, E., Wanner, S. P., Campos, B. T., Quinan, G. R., Mendes, T. T., Smith, M. R., & Prado, L. S. (2018). Mental Fatigue Impairs Physical Performance in Young Swimmers. Pediatric Exercise Science, 30(2), 208–215. https://doi.org/10.1123/pes.2017-0128
Pires, F. O., Silva-Junior, F. L., Brietzke, C., Franco-Alvarenga, P. E., Pinheiro, F. A., de Franca, N. M., Teixeira, S., & Santos, T. M. (2018). Mental Fatigue Alters Cortical Activation and Psychological Responses, Impairing Performance in a Distance- Based Cycling Trial. Frontiers in Physiology, 9, 227. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2018.00227
Salam, H., Marcora, S. M., & Hopker, J. G. (2018). The effect of mental fatigue on critical power during cycling exercise. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 118(1), 85–92. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-017-3747-1
Silva-Cavalcante, M. D., Couto, P. G., Azevedo, R. A., Silva, R. G., Coelho, D. B., Lima-Silva, A. E., & Bertuzzi, R. (2018). Mental fatigue does not alter performance or neuromuscular fatigue development during self-paced exercise in recreationally trained cyclists. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 118(11), 2477–2487. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-018-3974-0
Smith, M. R., Coutts, A. J., Merlini, M., Deprez, D., Lenoir, M., & Marcora, S. M. (2016). Mental Fatigue Impairs Soccer-Specific Physical and Technical Performance. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 48(2), 267–276. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000000762
Smith, M. R., Marcora, S. M., & Coutts, A. J. (2015). Mental Fatigue Impairs Intermittent Running Performance. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 47(8), 1682–1690. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000000592
Staiano, W., Bosio, A., Piazza, G., Romagnoli, M., & Invernizzi, P. L. (2019). Kayaking performance is altered in mentally fatigued young elite athletes. Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 59(7), 1253–1262. https://doi.org/10.23736/S0022-4707.18.09051-5
Van Cutsem, J., Marcora, S., De Pauw, K., Bailey, S., Meeusen, R., & Roelands, B. (2017a). The Effects of Mental Fatigue on Physical Performance: A Systematic Review. Sports Medicine, 47(8), 1569–1588. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-016-0672-0
Veness, D., Patterson, S. D., Jeffries, O., & Waldron, M. (2017). The effects of mental fatigue on cricket-relevant performance among elite players. Journal of Sports Sciences, 35(24), 2461–2467. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2016.1273540
Weerakkody, N. S., Taylor, C. J., Bulmer, C. L., Hamilton, D. B., Gloury, J., O’Brien, N. J., Saunders, J. H., Harvey, S., & Patterson, T. A. (2021). The effect of mental fatigue on the performance of Australian football specific skills amongst amateur athletes. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 24(6), 592–596. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JSAMS.2020.12.003
Publicado
Cómo citar
Número
Sección
Licencia
Derechos de autor 2025 Creative Commons Attribution License
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0.
Los autores que publican en esta revista están de acuerdo con los siguientes términos:- Los autores conservan los derechos de autor y garantizan a la revista el derecho de ser la primera publicación del trabajo al igual que licenciado bajo una Creative Commons Attribution License que permite a otros compartir el trabajo con un reconocimiento de la autoría del trabajo y la publicación inicial en esta revista.
