Efectos del entrenamiento en intervalos de alta intensidad en adultos mayores: una revisión sistemática (Effects of high-intensity interval training in older adults: a systematic review)

Nicole B. Fritz Silva

doi:10.12800/ccd.v16i48.1627

Autores/as

Nicole B. Fritz Silva

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.12800/ccd.v16i48.1627

Palabras clave:

ejercicio, capacidad funcional, anciano, intensidad, entrenamiento interválico (functional capacity, elderly, intensity, interval training)

Resumen

El objetivo de este estudio fue realizar una revisión sistemática de la literatura sobre las características de los programas de entrenamiento basados en la modalidad de intervalos de alta intensidad (HIIT, siglas en inglés) en adultos mayores, y a su vez, describir los efectos sobre la capacidad física y funcional en esta población. Se realizó una búsqueda de literatura de 5 bases de datos (DIALNET, DOAJ, Elsevier, PubMed y Web of Science). Los criterios de inclusión incluyeron estudios experimentales aplicados en personas mayores de 60 años. La escala PEDro se utilizó para la evaluación de la calidad de los estudios elegibles. La búsqueda identificó 126 artículos y se evaluaron 12 artículos en texto completo. Todos los estudios eran de buena calidad metodólogica y tenían un bajo riesgo de sesgo. En conclusión, el entrenamiento HIIT ha sido aplicado por un periodo de 6 a 16 semanas, en la modalidad “HIIT-aeróbico” con efectos positivos sobre la capacidad aeróbica y funcional de las personas mayores, además ha reducido la carga patológica en artritis reumatoidea, obesidad y/o dinapenia.

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The objective of this study was to do a systematic review of the literature about the characteristics of training programs based on the high intensity interval modality (HIIT) in elderly, and at the same time, to describe the effects on physical and functional capacity in this population. A literature search of 5 databases (DIALNET, DOAJ, Elsevier, PubMed and Web of Science) was performed. The inclusion criteria included experimental studies applied in people older than 60 years. The PEDro scale was used for quality evaluation of eligible studies. The search identified 126 articles and evaluated 12 articles in full text. All studies were of good methodological quality and had a low risk of bias. In conclusion, HIIT training has been applied for a period of 6 to 16 weeks, in the “HIIT-aerobic” modality with positive effects about the aerobic and functional capacity of the elderly, it has also reduced the pathological burden in rheumatoid arthritis, obesity and / or dynapenia.

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