Evolución del rendimiento aeróbico y anaeróbico en futbolistas profesionales tras la pretemporada. (Aerobic and anaerobic performance variation in professional soccer players after preseason).
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12800/ccd.v8i24.359Abstract
http://dx.doi.org/10.12800/ccd.v8i24.359
El objetivo del estudio fue conocer los cambios producidos desde el inicio de la pretemporada hasta el inicio de la competición de Liga en distintas cualidades físicas de futbolistas profesionales. La capacidad de aceleración (sprint 5 m y 15 m), la capacidad de salto vertical (CMJ bipodal y unipodal), la capacidad de salto horizontal (SH, Horizontal repetitive cyclic jump), el pico de potencia (PP) y el umbral anaeróbico individual (UAI) fueron evaluados tanto en el Test 1 (pretest) como en el Test 2 (postest). 22 jugadores profesionales de 2ª División B de la Liga de Fútbol Española participaron en el estudio, completando 8 semanas de entrenamiento, 5 precompetitivas y 3 de competición. El análisis estadístico detectó diferencias significativas (p < 0,05) en la media del grupo pre y post test en las variables de UAI (11,86 ± 0,89 Km/h, 12,65 ± 0,85 Km/h; d = 0,93), PP (75,23 ± 12,58 Kg, 83,05 ± 11,38 Kg; d = 0,68) y SH D (6,97 ± 0,53 m, 7,68 ± 0,54 m; d = 1,87) y SH ND (7,07 ± 0,55 m, 7,76 ± 0,58 m; d = 1,19). Sin embargo, no se encontraron diferencias significativas en el resto de variables estudiadas (sprint 5 m y 15 m, CMJ, CMJ ND, CMJ D). La mejora de la capacidad cardiovascular no viene acompañada por una mejora común en las distintas cualidades de aceleración y fuerza explosiva.
Palabras clave: fútbol, entrenamiento, velocidad, salto horizontal, salto vertical, potencia, umbral anaeróbico.
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Abstract
The main aim of this study was to determine changes that take place from the start of the preseason until the start of league competition for various physical capacities of professional soccer players. The acceleration capacity (5 m and 15 m sprints), vertical jump ability (bipodal and unipodal CMJ), horizontal jump ability (HJ, Horizontal Repetitive cyclic jump), the peak power (PP), and the individual anaerobic threshold (IAT) were evaluated in both Test 1 (pretest) and Test 2 (post-test). 22 professional players from the 2nd Division B of the Spanish Soccer League participated in the study, completing 8 weeks of training, 5 precompetitive and 3 of competition. Statistical analysis showed significant differences (p < 0.05) in the group means for the pre- and post-tests for the variables of IAT (11.86 ± 0.89 Km/h, 12.65 ± 0.85 Km/h; d = 0.93), PP (75.23 ± 12.58 Kg, 83.05 ± 11.38 Kg; d = 0,68) dominant leg HJ (6.97 ± 0.53 m, 7.68 ± 0.54 m; d = 1.87) and non-dominant leg HJ (7.07 ± 0.55 m, 7.76 ± 0.58 m; d = 1.19). However, no significant differences in other variables (5 m and 15 m sprints, bipodal and unipodal CMJ) were found. Improving cardiovascular capacity was not accompanied by a shared improvement in the various qualities of acceleration and explosive strength.
Key words: Soccer, training, speed, horizontal jump, vertical jump, power, anaerobic threshold.
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