A Systematic Literature Review of Blockchain Technology and the Sports Industry

Vitor Ayres Principe; Giullio César  P. S. M. da Silva; Wecisley Ribeiro Espírito Santo; Juliana Brandão Pinto de Castro; Diego Gama Linhares; Rodrigo Gomes de Souza Vale; Rodolfo de Alkmim Moreira Nunes

doi:10.12800/ccd.v20i63.2208

Authors

Vitor Ayres Principe Rio de Janeiro State University https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9358-2115
Giullio César P. S. M. da Silva Rio de Janeiro State University
Wecisley Ribeiro Espírito Santo Rio de Janeiro State University https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9307-9410
Juliana Brandão Pinto de Castro Rio de Janeiro State University https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5656-0782
Diego Gama Linhares Rio de Janeiro State University
Rodrigo Gomes de Souza Vale Rio de Janeiro State University https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3049-8773
Rodolfo de Alkmim Moreira Nunes Rio de Janeiro State University

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.12800/ccd.v20i63.2208

Abstract

This study provides a comprehensive overview of blockchain applications in the sports industry through a systematic literature review (SLR) following PRISMA guidelines. The terms “Blockchain AND Sport” were used to search across databases such as Web of Science, Scopus, ScienceDirect, PubMed, Embase, IEEE, and Dimensions. After the search, 1,571 articles were identified, with 37 primary studies selected for detailed analysis. The review highlights blockchain’s potential to transform the management and operation of sports-related activities by addressing challenges faced by stakeholders. The results demonstrated that blockchain enhances stakeholder trust through transparency, decentralization, and immutability. Its ability to automate processes like player transfers and contract management via smart contracts reduces
costs and risks, while fan engagement is bolstered through digital tokens and NFTs. The findings underscore blockchain’s capacity to revolutionize sports management through digital collectibles, secure transactions, performance optimization, and fan engagement through exclusive digital content. However, significant challenges still need to be addressed, including regulatory uncertainty, technical complexity, high implementation costs, and cultural resistance to decentralization. Despite these obstacles, blockchain presents substantial opportunities for innovation and efficiency in the sports industry. The review concludes that continued technological advancements, regulatory development, and cultural adaptation are
essential for the widespread adoption of blockchain in sports.

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