Entrenamiento Muscular Inspiratorio en Modalidades Deportivas Cíclicas: Una Revisión Sistemática
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12800/ccd.v20i63.2230Resumen
Se ha demostrado que el entrenamiento de los músculos inspiratorios impacta positivamente en el rendimiento de los deportes acíclicos, sin embargo, no se ha realizado una revisión que presente estos mismos cambios en los deportes cíclicos. Esta revisión sistemática tuvo como objetivo determinar el efecto del entrenamiento de los músculos inspiratorios en deportes cíclicos e identificar el impacto sobre la capacidad aeróbica, la fuerza de los músculos respiratorios y la función
pulmonar. Se realizó una búsqueda avanzada en las bases de datos de Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, PEDro, ScienceDirect, OXFORD, LILACS, Taylor & Francis Group, Springer y SciELO, según PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses). De 15.710 estudios identificados en las bases de datos, doce de ellos cumplieron con los criterios de elegibilidad para la revisión final. Mostrando mejoras significativas en el flujo espiratorio durante la espiración forzada desde la inspiración máxima, la Presión Inspiratoria Máxima y en el volumen espiratorio forzado máximo en el primer
segundo, tal como fueron evaluados antes y después del entrenamiento. Además, se evidenciaron cambios significativos en aquellos grupos que usaron dispositivos de resistencia que en aquellos que no usaron ningún dispositivo o placebo. En conclusión, el entrenamiento de los músculos inspiratorios con un mínimo de cuatro semanas de entrenamiento, al menos seis días a la semana y acompañado de fortalecimiento de los músculos centrales o core, evidencian efectos positivos sobre
la función pulmonar, fuerza muscular respiratoria y capacidad aeróbica en los deportes cíclicos.
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