Virtual Reality in Sports: A Bibliometric and Scoping Review of Global Trends, Key Authors, and Future Perspectives
PDF
XML
HTML

Keywords

Virtual Reality
sports
bibliometrics
Scoping Review
Scientopy

How to Cite

Virtual Reality in Sports: A Bibliometric and Scoping Review of Global Trends, Key Authors, and Future Perspectives. (2026). Cultura, Ciencia Y Deporte, 21(69). https://doi.org/10.12800/ccd.v21i69.2439

Abstract

Virtual reality (VR) in sports has gained increasing attention in recent scientific literature. 
However, the combined use of bibliometric analysis and scoping review to explore this topic remains limited. This study aims to: (i) identify global publication trends, key contributors, and leading countries in the application of VR in sports between 2015 and 2024; (ii) examine the types of sports in which VR technologies are implemented; and (iii) explore future research perspectives to advance the integration of VR in sport science and practice. Using data from two major databases, Scopus and Web of Science, this study employs a dual-method approach that combines bibliometric analysis with a scoping review. The results show a clear upward trend in scholarly output, driven by contributions from influential researchers and a growing interest across countries and disciplines. VR has been widely applied in both team and individual sports, particularly for enhancing motor learning, supporting cognitive training, and facilitating physical rehabilitation. Despite this progress, there remain notable gaps in longitudinal research, studies on high-precision sports, and the integration of neurocognitive assessments. Future investigations should adopt more advanced methodologies, address current technological limitations, and expand geographic diversity in research. Overall, this study offers valuable insights and a comprehensive roadmap to guide futureinnovations in immersive sport technologies.

PDF
XML
HTML

References

Almansour, A. M. (2024). The Effectiveness of Virtual Reality in Rehabilitation of Athletes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Journal of Pioneering Medical Science, 13(4), 147–154. https://doi.org/10.61091/jpms202413423

Bird, J. M. (2020). The use of virtual reality head-mounted displays within applied sport psychology. Journal of Sport Psychology in Action, 11(2), 115–128. https://doi.org/10.1080/21520704.2018.1563573

Calabuig-Moreno, F., González-Serrano, M. H., Fombona, J., & García-Tascón, M. (2020). The emergence of technology in physical education: A general bibliometric analysis with a focus on virtual and augmented reality. Sustainability (Switzerland), 12(7), 1–23. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12072728

Chiang, T. H. C. (2021). Investigating Effects of Interactive Virtual Reality Games and Gender on Immersion, Empathy and Behavior Into Environmental Education. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 1–13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.608407

Denche-Zamorano, A., Rodriguez-Redondo, Y., Barrios-Fernandez, S., Mendoza-Muñoz, M., Castillo-Paredes, A., Rojo-Ramos, J., Garcia-Gordillo, M. A., & Adsuar, J. C. (2023). Rehabilitation Is the Main Topic in Virtual and Augmented Reality and Physical Activity Research: A Bibliometric Analysis. Sen, 23(6), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.3390/s23062987

Dendrino, D.-D., & Ghiberdic, M.-F. (2024). Executive Coaching and Organizational Performance – A Bibliometric Approach. Proceedings of the International Conference on Business Excellence, 18(1), 2472–2491. https://doi.org/10.2478/picbe-2024-0208

Farley, O. R. L., Spencer, K., & Baudinet, L. (2020). Virtual reality in sports coaching, skill acquisition and application to surfing: A review. Journal of Human Sport and Exercise, 15(3), 535–548. https://doi.org/10.14198/jhse.2020.153.06

Faure, C., Limballe, A., Bideau, B., & Kulpa, R. (2020). Virtual reality to assess and train team ball sports performance: A scoping review. Journal of Sports Sciences, 38(2), 192–205. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2019.1689807

Gazali, N., Saputro, D. P., Abdullah, K. H., Setiawan, E., Sofyan, D., Ridwan, M., Hanief, Y. N., Perdima, F. E., & Satria, E. (2023). The Trends Internet of Things in Physical Education: A Scientometric Review. In H. Polat, A. A. Khan, & M. D. Kaya (Eds.), Studies on Education, Science, and Technology.

Hadie, S. N. H. (2024). ABC of a Scoping Review: A Simplified JBI Scoping Review Guideline. Education in Medicine Journal, 16(2), 185–197. https://doi.org/10.21315/eimj2024.16.2.14

Harrison, K., Potts, E., King, A. C., & Braun-Trocchio, R. (2021). The effectiveness of virtual reality on anxiety and performance in female soccer players. Sports, 9(12), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.3390/sports9120167

Huang, Z., Choi, D.-H., Lai, B., Lu, Z., & Tian, H. (2022). Metaverse-based virtual reality experience and endurance performance in sports economy: Mediating role of mental health and performance anxiety. Frontiers in Public Health, 10, 1–17. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2022.991489

Kuleva, M. (2023). Application of virtual reality to the enhancement of physical activity and sports for healthy individuals. A systematic review. Journal of Applied Sports Sciences, 1, 69–79. https://doi.org/10.37393/JASS.2023.01.7

Lai, Z. (2024). Diving into the virtual realm: Exploring the mechanics of virtual reality. Applied and Computational Engineering, 31(1), 268–273. https://doi.org/10.54254/2755-2721/31/20230166

Li, X., Fan, D., Feng, J., Lei, Y., Cheng, C., & Li, X. (2024). Systematic review of motion capture in virtual reality: Enhancing the precision of sports training. Journal of Ambient Intelligence and Smart Environments, January 2024, 1–23. https://doi.org/10.3233/ais-230198

Liu, C., & Xie, Y. (2024). Innovative Application of Computer Vision and Motion Tracking Technology in Sports Training. EAI Endorsed Transactions on Pervasive Health and Technology, 10, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.4108/eetpht.10.5763

Mascret, N., Montagne, G., Devrièse-Sence, A., Vu, A., & Kulpa, R. (2022). Acceptance by athletes of a virtual reality head-mounted display intended to enhance sport performance. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2022.102201

Michalski, S. C., Szpak, A., & Loetscher, T. (2019). Using virtual environments to improve real-world motor skills in sports: A systematic review. Frontiers in Psychology, 10(SEP), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02159

Mouatt, B., Smith, A. E., Mellow, M. L., Parfitt, G., Smith, R. T., & Stanton, T. R. (2020). The Use of Virtual Reality to Influence Motivation, Affect, Enjoyment, and Engagement During Exercise: A Scoping Review. Frontiers in Virtual Reality, 1, 1–23. https://doi.org/10.3389/frvir.2020.564664

Neumann, D. L., Moffitt, R. L., Thomas, P. R., Loveday, K., Watling, D. P., Lombard, C. L., Antonova, S., & Tremeer, M. A. (2018a). A systematic review of the application of interactive virtual reality to sport. Virtual Reality, 22(3), 183–198. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10055-017-0320-5

Neumann, D. L., Moffitt, R. L., Thomas, P. R., Loveday, K., Watling, D. P., Lombard, C. L., Antonova, S., & Tremeer, M. A. (2018b). A systematic review of the application of interactive virtual reality to sport. Virtual Reality, 22(3), 183–198. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10055-017-0320-5

Pastel, S., Marlok, J., Bandow, N., & Witte, K. (2023). Application of eye-tracking systems integrated into immersive virtual reality and possible transfer to the sports sector - A systematic review. Multimedia Tools and Applications, 82(3), 4181–4208. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-022-13474-y

Pastel, S., Petri, K., Chen, C. H., Wiegand Cáceres, A. M., Stirnatis, M., Nübel, C., Schlotter, L., & Witte, K. (2023). Training in virtual reality enables learning of a complex sports movement. Virtual Reality, 27(2), 523–540. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10055-022-00679-7

Perdima, F. E., Suwarni, S., & Gazali, N. (2022). Educational technology in physical education learning: A bibliometric analysis using Scopus database. SPORT TK-Revista EuroAmericana de Ciencias Del Deporte, 11(19), 14–14.

Puce, L., Biz, C., Ceylan, H. I., Bragazzi, N. L., Formica, M., Trabelsi, K., Szarpak, Ł., Trompetto, C., Rossin, A., Lanciano, N. A., & Ruggieri, P. (2024). Adaptive Shooting Disciplines: A Scoping Review of the Literature with Bibliometric Analysis. Healtcare, 12(4), 1–25. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12040463

Puce, L., Biz, C., Trompetto, C., Marinelli, L., Currà, A., Cavaggioni, L., Formica, M., Vecchi, V., Cerchiaro, M. C., Trabelsi, K., Bragazzi, N. L., & Ruggieri, P. (2023). A Scoping Review with Bibliometric Analysis of Para-Rowing: State of the Art and Future Directions. Healthcare (Switzerland), 11(6), 1–22. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11060849

Putranto, J. S., Heriyanto, J., Kenny, Achmad, S., & Kurniawan, A. (2022). Implementation of virtual reality technology for sports education and training: Systematic literature review. Procedia Computer Science, 216(January), 293–300. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2022.12.139

Richlan, F., Weiß, M., Kastner, P., & Braid, J. (2023). Virtual training, real effects: a narrative review on sports performance enhancement through interventions in virtual reality. Frontiers in Psychology, 14(October), 1-2-. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1240790

Sanz, F. A., Multon, F., & Lécuyer, A. (2015). A methodology for introducing competitive anxiety and pressure in VR sports training. Frontiers Robotics AI, 2, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.3389/frobt.2015.00010

Selzer, M. N., Ganuza, M. L., Urribarri, D. K., Larrea, M. L., & Castro, S. M. (2020). Stereoscopic Image-Based Rendering Technique for Low-Cost Virtual Reality. In P. Pesado & J. Eterovic (Eds.), Computer Science – CACIC 2020. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-75836-3

Slater, M., & Sanchez-Vives, M. V. (2016). Enhancing our lives with immersive virtual reality. Frontiers Robotics AI, 3, 1–47. https://doi.org/10.3389/frobt.2016.00074

Tayal, M. A., Deshmukh, M., Pangave, V., Joshi, M., Malwade, S., & Ovale, S. (2023). VMLHST: Development of an Efficient Novel Virtual Reality ML Framework with Haptic Feedbacks for Improving Sports Training Scenarios. International Journal of Electrical and Electronics Research, 11(2), 601–608. https://doi.org/10.37391/IJEER.110249

Wu, X. (2024). A review of virtual reality technology. Applied and Computational Engineering, 38(1), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.54254/2755-2721/38/20230521

Wu, Y., Lukosch, S., Lukosch, H., Lindeman, R. W., McKee, R. D., Fukuden, S., Ross, C., & Collins, D. (2023). Training mental imagery skills of elite athletes in virtual reality. Frontiers in Virtual Reality, 4, 1–14. https://doi.org/10.3389/frvir.2023.1189717

Yunchao, M., Mengyao, R., & Xingman, L. (2023). Application of virtual simulation technology in sports decision training: a systematic review. Frontiers in Psychology, 14(May), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1164117

Zaman, N., Sarker, P., & Tavakkoli, A. (2023). Calibration of head mounted displays for vision research with virtual reality. Journal of Vision, 23(6), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1167/JOV.23.6.7

Zhao, J., Mao, J., & Tan, J. (2022). Global trends and hotspots in research on extended reality in sports: A bibliometric analysis from 2000 to 2021. Digital Health, 8, 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1177/20552076221131141

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Copyright (c) 2026 Creative Commons Attribution License