Similarities in Brain Activity During Motor Imagery and Motor Execution: A Literature Review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12800/p6maxa66Palabras clave:
regiones cerebrales, activación, práctica mental, control motor, aprendizaje motorResumen
El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar sistemáticamente la evidencia sobre la actividad cerebral de imagenería mental (IM) y la ejecución motriz (EM), comparando el número de regiones cerebrales activas, la frecuencia de activación y las diferencias relativas de activación entre condiciones. Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica en ocho bases de datos con la búsqueda final en septiembre de 2024. Los estudios se incluyeron si incluían participantes sanos de cualquier edad, evaluaban la actividad neural en al menos una región cerebral durante la IM y la EM de una habilidad motora, mediante EEG, IRMf, NIRS o PET. Se utilizó la “Quality Assessment Tool for Observational Cohort and Cross-Sectional Studies” para evaluar el riesgo de sesgo. Los análisis se centraron en las frecuencias de las áreas cerebrales indicadas como activas durante ambas condiciones. Se incluyeron 18 estudios (N = 313), de los cuales el 67% utilizó fMRI. No se encontraron diferencias significativas (W = 36,00; p = 0,122) en el número de áreas cerebrales activadas entre EM (M = 6,44 ±3,65) e IM (M = 5,56 ±4,31). Cuatro áreas de Brodmann (BA1, BA4, BA6, BA40) y el cerebelo se activaron de forma consistente en ambas condiciones. Los hallazgos indican un solapamiento neural sustancial entre la EM y la IM, particularmente en BA1, BA4, BA6, BA40 y el cerebelo, apoyando la hipótesis de equivalencia funcional de la IM y la EM.
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