Electromyographic Activity of the Lowerlimb Muscles During Squat Exercise and Itsderivatives: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis

Abstract

The systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess electromyographic activity in various types of squats to provide insights for training recommendations and injury prevention. Eight studies were reviewed, seven included in the meta-analysis, comparing back, front, overhead, and belt squats. Overall, no significant differences in muscle activation were found among squat types, with standardized mean differences ranging from -0.49 to 0.66. Specifically, front and back squats showed similar electromyographic activity levels. Limited evidence for overhead and belt squats prevented comprehensive comparisons, but one study indicated lower activity in back squats compared to overhead squats (-0.47) and similar levels compared to belt squats (0.09). The study quality was moderate, with robustness and absence of publication bias noted. This analysis underscores the complexity of muscle engagement during different squat variations, suggesting that training emphasis on specific muscles should consider individual needs and goals.